【学生成绩管理系统—-C语言】

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一、学生成绩管理系统是什么？

       学生信息管理系统能够方便地查询和变更学生的基本数据（例如增删改查），节省大量工作时间，有效地提高学生信息管理的效率。今天要讲的是以下7个模块。

二、信息管理的七个模块

1.Step one

数据结构设计：

在实现该系统之前，我们需要先设计一下需要用到的数据结构。我们可以定义一个结构体来表示学生的基本信息和成绩信息。

struct Student{   char name[20];  // 学生姓名   int stu_id;     // 学生学号   float grade[4]; // 四门课程的成绩 }; 为了实现学号的输入和检查，我们需要将学生信息存储在一个链表中，每个节点表示一个学生。 struct Student_List{   struct Student student;   struct Student_List *next; }; 

2.Step Two 

学生信息输入模块：

我们需要设计一个函数来读入学生信息，将其存储在链表中。

void enter_new_student(struct Student_List *head) {   struct Student_List *new_student;   struct Student_List *p;   new_student = (struct Student_List *)malloc(sizeof(struct Student_List)); // 为新学生分配内存空间   printf("\n请输入新学生的姓名：");   scanf("%s", new_student->student.name);   printf("请输入学生学号：");   scanf("%d", &new_student->student.stu_id);   p = head->next;   while(p != NULL)   // 检查学号是否重复   {     if(p->student.stu_id == new_student->student.stu_id)     {       printf("学号重复，请重新输入：");       scanf("%d", &new_student->student.stu_id);       p = head->next;     }     else{       p = p->next;     }   }   printf("请输入四门功课的成绩：");   for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)   {     scanf("%f", &new_student->student.grade[i]);   }   new_student->next = head->next;   // 把新学生插入链表头部   head->next = new_student; } 

3.Step Three

学生信息更新模块

void update_student_info(struct Student_List *head) {   int id;   printf("\n请输入要更新的学生学号：");   scanf("%d", &id);   struct Student_List *p;   p = head->next;   while(p != NULL)   // 查找学号对应的学生   {     if(p->student.stu_id == id)     {       printf("请输入学生姓名：");       scanf("%s", p->student.name);       printf("请输入四门功课的成绩：");       for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)       {         scanf("%f", &p->student.grade[i]);       }       printf("学生信息已更新！\n");       return;     }     else{       p = p->next;     }   }   printf("没有找到该学号对应的学生！\n"); }

4.Step four

成绩查询模块

我们需要设计一个函数，可以按照学号或姓名查找学生信息。如果查到学生信息，则输出其基本信息和成绩信息。

void search_student_info(struct Student_List *head) {   int choice;   printf("\n请输入查询方式（1为按学号查询，2为按姓名查询）：");   scanf("%d", &choice);   if(choice == 1)   {     int id;     printf("请输入学生学号：");     scanf("%d", &id);     struct Student_List *p;     p = head->next;     while(p != NULL)   // 查找学号对应的学生     {       if(p->student.stu_id == id)       {         printf("姓名：%s 学号：%d\n", p->student.name, p->student.stu_id);         printf("语文成绩：%f 数学成绩：%f 英语成绩：%f 物理成绩：%f\n", p->student.grade[0], p->student.grade[1], p->student.grade[2], p->student.grade[3]);         return;       }       else{         p = p->next;       }     }     printf("没有找到该学号对应的学生！\n");   }   else if(choice == 2)   {     char name[20];     printf("请输入学生姓名：");     scanf("%s", name);     struct Student_List *p;     p = head->next;     while(p != NULL)   // 查找姓名对应的学生     {       if(strcmp(p->student.name, name) == 0)       {         printf("姓名：%s 学号：%d\n", p->student.name, p->student.stu_id);         printf("语文成绩：%f 数学成绩：%f 英语成绩：%f 物理成绩：%f\n", p->student.grade[0], p->student.grade[1], p->student.grade[2], p->student.grade[3]);         return;       }       else{         p = p->next;       }     }     printf("没有找到该姓名对应的学生！\n");   }   else{     printf("输入有误，请重新输入！\n");     search_student_info(head);   } }

5.Step five

成绩统计模块

我们需要实现一个函数对所有学生的成绩按个人、按专业、按课程和按班级进行升序和降序的统计和排名，并输出成绩排名。

int cmp(const void *a, const void *b) {   struct Student_List *p1 = *(struct Student_List )a;   struct Student_List *p2 = *(struct Student_List )b;   int sum1 = 0, sum2 = 0;   for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)   {     sum1 += p1->student.grade[i];     sum2 += p2->student.grade[i];   }   float avg1 = (float)sum1 / 4;   float avg2 = (float)sum2 / 4;   if(avg1 < avg2)     return -1;   else if(avg1 == avg2)     return 0;   else     return 1; } void rank_students(struct Student_List *head) {   int choice, by_order;   printf("\n请选择要排序的方式（1为按平均分排序，2为按语文成绩排序，3为按数学成绩排序，4为按英语成绩排序，5为按物理成绩排序）：");   scanf("%d", &choice);   printf("请选择排序方式（1为升序，2为降序）：");   scanf("%d", &by_order);   int count = 1;   struct Student_List *p;   p = head->next;   int nums = 0;   // 统计学生总数   while(p != NULL)   {     nums++;     p = p->next;   }   // 动态分配内存   struct Student_List list = (struct Student_List )malloc(nums * sizeof(struct Student_List *));   p = head->next;   for(int i = 0; i < nums; i++)   {     list[i] = p;     p = p->next;   }   // 根据不同的排序方式调用快排函数   switch(choice)   {     case 1:       qsort(list, nums, sizeof(struct Student_List *), cmp);       break;     case 2:       break;     case 3:       break;     case 4:       break;     case 5:       break;     default:       printf("输入有误，请重新输入！\n");       rank_students(head);   }   // 按升序或降序输出结果   if(by_order == 1)   {     printf("名次  姓名    平均分\n");     for(int i = 0; i < nums; i++)     {       printf("%-4d  %-6s %4.2f\n", count, list[i]->student.name, average(list[i]));       if(i == nums - 1 || average(list[i]) != average(list[i+1]))         count++;     }   }   else if(by_order == 2)   {     printf("名次  姓名    平均分\n");     for(int i = nums - 1; i >= 0; i--)     {       printf("%-4d  %-6s %4.2f\n", count, list[i]->student.name, average(list[i]));       if(i == 0 || average(list[i]) != average(list[i-1]))         count++;     }   }   else{     printf("输入有误，请重新输入！\n");     rank_students(head);   }   // 释放内存   free(list); } // 计算学生平均分的函数 float average(struct Student_List *p) {   int sum = 0;   for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)   {     sum += p->student.grade[i];   }   return (float)sum / 4; }

6.Step Six

成绩输出模块

我们需要设计一个函数，可以按照不同的格式输出学生的成绩信息，包括按照学号、姓名、成绩等排序。

void print_students(struct Student_List *head) {   int choice;   printf("\n请选择要排序的方式（1为按学号排序，2为按姓名排序，3为按平均分排序，4为按语文成绩排序，5为按数学成绩排序，6为按英语成绩排序，7为按物理成绩排序）：");   scanf("%d", &choice);   struct Student_List list = (struct Student_List )malloc(nums * sizeof(struct Student_List *));   struct Student_List *p;   p = head->next;   // 构建链表节点的指针数组   for(int i = 0; i < nums; i++)   {     list[i] = p;     p = p->next;   }   // 根据不同的排序方式对链表节点的指针数组进行排序   switch(choice)   {     case 1:       qsort(list, nums, sizeof(struct Student_List *), cmp_id);       break;     case 2:       qsort(list, nums, sizeof(struct Student_List *), cmp_name);       break;     case 3:       qsort(list, nums, sizeof(struct Student_List *), cmp);       break;     case 4:       qsort(list, nums, sizeof(struct Student_List *), cmp_chinese);       break;     case 5:       qsort(list, nums, sizeof(struct Student_List *), cmp_math);       break;     case 6:       qsort(list, nums, sizeof(struct Student_List *), cmp_english);       break;     case 7:       qsort(list, nums, sizeof(struct Student_List *), cmp_physics);       break;     default:       printf("输入有误，请重新输入！\n");       print_students(head);   }   // 输出排序后的结果   printf("姓名    学号    平均分  语文  数学  英语  物理\n");   for(int i = 0; i < nums; i++)   {     printf("%-6s %4d    %4.2f   %4.1f  %4.1f  %4.1f  %4.1f\n",        list[i]->student.name, list[i]->student.stu_id, average(list[i]),       list[i]->student.grade[0], list[i]->student.grade[1], list[i]->student.grade[2], list[i]->student.grade[3]);   }   // 释放内存   free(list); } // 对学号进行比较的函数 int cmp_id(const void *a, const void *b) {   struct Student_List *p1 = *(struct Student_List )a;   struct Student_List *p2 = *(struct Student_List )b;   if(p1->student.stu_id < p2->student.stu_id)     return -1;   else if(p1->student.stu_id == p2->student.stu_id)     return 0;   else     return 1; } // 对姓名进行比较的函数 int cmp_name(const void *a, const void *b) {   struct Student_List *p1 = *(struct Student_List )a;   struct Student_List *p2 = *(struct Student_List )b;   return strcmp(p1->student.name, p2->student.name); } // 对语文成绩进行比较的函数 int cmp_chinese(const void *a, const void *b) {   struct Student_List *p1 = *(struct Student_List )a;   struct Student_List *p2 = *(struct Student_List )b;   if(p1->student.grade[0] > p2->student.grade[0])     return -1;   else if(p1->student.grade[0] == p2->student.grade[0])     return 0;   else     return 1; } // 对数学成绩进行比较的函数 int cmp_math(const void *a, const void *b) {   struct Student_List *p1 = *(struct Student_List )a;   struct Student_List *p2 = *(struct Student_List )b;   if(p1->student.grade[1] > p2->student.grade[1])     return -1;   else if(p1->student.grade[1] == p2->student.grade[1])     return 0;   else     return 1; } // 对英语成绩进行比较的函数 int cmp_english(const void *a, const void *b) {   struct Student_List *p1 = *(struct Student_List )a;   struct Student_List *p2 = *(struct Student_List )b;   if(p1->student.grade[2] > p2->student.grade[2])     return -1;   else if(p1->student.grade[2] == p2->student.grade[2])     return 0;   else     return 1; } // 对物理成绩进行比较的函数 int cmp_physics(const void *a, const void *b) {   struct Student_List *p1 = *(struct Student_List )a;   struct Student_List *p2 = *(struct Student_List )b;   if(p1->student.grade[3] > p2->student.grade[3])     return -1;   else if(p1->student.grade[3] == p2->student.grade[3])     return 0;   else     return 1; }

7.Next

以下是完整代码，且可以运行，有需要的小伙伴可以复制下来自己运行一下噢，如果有帮助的话，请给大师我点点赞，大师在此先行谢谢C友了！

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #define MAX_STUDENTS 100 #define MAX_NAME_LEN 30 #define MAX_ID_LEN 20 #define MAX_MAJOR_LEN 50 #define MAX_COURSE_LEN 50 #define GRADE_NUM 3 struct student { char name[MAX_NAME_LEN]; char id[MAX_ID_LEN]; char major[MAX_MAJOR_LEN]; float grades[GRADE_NUM]; }; struct student students[MAX_STUDENTS]; int num_students = 0; void input_student_info(); void update_student_info(); void query_grades(); void report_grades(); void output_grades(); void help(); void exit_system(); int main() { int choice = 0; while (1) { printf("==== Student Grade Management System ====\n"); printf("1. Input Student Information\n"); printf("2. Update Student Information\n"); printf("3. Query Grades\n"); printf("4. Report Grades\n"); printf("5. Output Grades\n"); printf("6. Help\n"); printf("7. Exit\n"); printf("Please enter your choice (1-7):\n"); scanf("%d", &choice); switch (choice) { case 1: input_student_info(); break; case 2: update_student_info(); break; case 3: query_grades(); break; case 4: report_grades(); break; case 5: output_grades(); break; case 6: help(); break; case 7: exit_system(); return 0; default: printf("Invalid choice!\n"); break; } } } void input_student_info() { if (num_students >= MAX_STUDENTS) { printf("Too many students, cannot input more!\n"); return; } struct student new_student; printf("Please enter the name of the student:\n"); scanf("%s", new_student.name); printf("Please enter the ID of the student:\n"); scanf("%s", new_student.id); for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) { if (strcmp(students[i].id, new_student.id) == 0) { printf("Duplicate ID, please input again!\n"); return; } } printf("Please enter the major of the student:\n"); scanf("%s", new_student.major); printf("Please enter the grades of the student (3 numbers separated by spaces):\n"); scanf("%f %f %f", &new_student.grades[0], &new_student.grades[1], &new_student.grades[2]); students[num_students++] = new_student; printf("Student information input successful!\n"); } void update_student_info() { char id[MAX_ID_LEN]; printf("Please enter the ID of the student to be updated:\n"); scanf("%s", id); int found = 0; for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) { if (strcmp(students[i].id, id) == 0) { found = 1; printf("1. Update Name\n"); printf("2. Update Major\n"); printf("3. Update Grades\n"); printf("4. Delete Student\n"); printf("Please enter your choice (1-4):\n"); int choice = 0; scanf("%d", &choice); switch (choice) { case 1: printf("Please enter the new name of the student:\n"); scanf("%s", students[i].name); printf("Name updated successful!\n"); break; case 2: printf("Please enter the new major of the student:\n"); scanf("%s", students[i].major); printf("Major updated successful!\n"); break; case 3: printf("Please enter the new grades of the student (3 numbers separated by spaces):\n"); scanf("%f %f %f", &students[i].grades[0], &students[i].grades[1], &students[i].grades[2]); printf("Grades updated successful!\n"); break; case 4: for (int j = i + 1; j < num_students; j++) { students[j - 1] = students[j]; } num_students--; printf("Student deleted successful!\n"); break; default: printf("Invalid choice!\n"); break; } break; } } if (!found) { printf("Student not found!\n"); } } void query_grades() { printf("1. Query by ID\n"); printf("2. Query by Name\n"); printf("Please enter your choice (1-2):\n"); int choice = 0; scanf("%d", &choice); switch (choice) { case 1: printf("Please enter the ID of the student:\n"); char id[MAX_ID_LEN]; scanf("%s", id); for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) { if (strcmp(students[i].id, id) == 0) { printf("Name: %s\n", students[i].name); printf("ID: %s\n", students[i].id); printf("Major: %s\n", students[i].major); printf("Grades: %.1f %.1f %.1f\n", students[i].grades[0], students[i].grades[1], students[i].grades[2]); return; } } printf("Student not found!\n"); break; case 2: printf("Please enter the name of the student:\n"); char name[MAX_NAME_LEN]; scanf("%s", name); for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) { if (strcmp(students[i].name, name) == 0) { printf("Name: %s\n", students[i].name); printf("ID: %s\n", students[i].id); printf("Major: %s\n", students[i].major); printf("Grades: %.1f %.1f %.1f\n", students[i].grades[0], students[i].grades[1], students[i].grades[2]); return; } } printf("Student not found!\n"); break; default: printf("Invalid choice!\n"); break; } } void report_grades() { printf("1. By Name\n"); printf("2. By Major\n"); printf("3. By Course\n"); printf("4. By Class\n"); printf("Please enter your choice (1-4):\n"); int choice = 0; scanf("%d", &choice); switch (choice) { case 1: printf("Report by Name:\n"); printf("Name\tID\tGrades\tRank\n"); for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) { float avg_grade = (students[i].grades[0] + students[i].grades[1] + students[i].grades[2]) / 3; int rank = 1; for (int j = 0; j < num_students; j++) { if (i != j) { float other_avg_grade = (students[j].grades[0] + students[j].grades[1] + students[j].grades[2]) / 3; if (other_avg_grade > avg_grade) { rank++; } } } printf("%s\t%s\t%.1f %.1f %.1f\t%d\n", students[i].name, students[i].id, students[i].grades[0], students[i].grades[1], students[i].grades[2], rank); } break; case 2: printf("Report by Major:\n"); printf("Major\tCount\tAverage Grade\n"); for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) { char *major = students[i].major; int count = 1; float total_grade = students[i].grades[0] + students[i].grades[1] + students[i].grades[2]; for (int j = i + 1; j < num_students; j++) { if (strcmp(students[j].major, major) == 0) { count++; total_grade += students[j].grades[0] + students[j].grades[1] + students[j].grades[2]; } } float avg_grade = total_grade / (count * 3); printf("%s\t%d\t%.1f\n", major, count, avg_grade); i += count - 1; } break; case 3: { printf("Please enter the course name:\n"); char course[MAX_COURSE_LEN]; scanf("%s", course); printf("Report by Course (%s):\n", course); printf("Name\tID\tGrade\n"); for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) { printf("%s\t%s\t%.1f\n", students[i].name, students[i].id, students[i].grades[choice - 1]); } break; } case 4: { printf("Please enter the class name:\n"); char class_name[MAX_MAJOR_LEN]; scanf("%s", class_name); printf("Report by Class (%s):\n", class_name); printf("Name\tID\tGrades\tRank\n"); for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) { if (strcmp(students[i].major, class_name) == 0) { float avg_grade = (students[i].grades[0] + students[i].grades[1] + students[i].grades[2]) / 3; int rank = 1; for (int j = 0; j < num_students; j++) { if (i != j && strcmp(students[j].major, class_name) == 0) { float other_avg_grade = (students[j].grades[0] + students[j].grades[1] + students[j].grades[2]) / 3; if (other_avg_grade > avg_grade) { rank++; } } } printf("%s\t%s\t%.1f %.1f %.1f\t%d\n", students[i].name, students[i].id, students[i].grades[0], students[i].grades[1], students[i].grades[2], rank); } } break; } default: printf("Invalid choice!\n"); break; } } void output_grades() { printf("1. By ID\n"); printf("2. By Name\n"); printf("3. By Grade\n"); printf("Please enter your choice (1-3):\n"); int choice = 0; scanf("%d", &choice); switch (choice) { case 1: printf("Output by ID:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) { printf("%s\t%s\t%.1f %.1f %.1f\n", students[i].id, students[i].name, students[i].grades[0], students[i].grades[1], students[i].grades[2]); } break; case 2: printf("Output by Name:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) { printf("%s\t%s\t%.1f %.1f %.1f\n", students[i].name, students[i].id, students[i].grades[0], students[i].grades[1], students[i].grades[2]); } break; case 3: printf("Output by Grade:\n"); printf("Name\tID\tSum\tAverage\n"); for (int i = 0; i < num_students; i++) { float sum_grade = students[i].grades[0] + students[i].grades[1] + students[i].grades[2]; float avg_grade = sum_grade / 3; printf("%s\t%s\t%.1f\t%.1f\n", students[i].name, students[i].id, sum_grade, avg_grade); } break; default: printf("Invalid choice!\n"); break; } } void help() { printf("Welcome to Student Grade Management System!\n"); printf("1. Input Student Information: Input the name, ID, major and grades of a new student.\n"); printf("2. Update Student Information: Update the name, major or grades of a student, or delete a student.\n"); printf("3. Query Grades: Query the grades of a student by ID or name.\n"); printf("4. Report Grades: Generate a report of the grades of all students, by name, major, course or class.\n"); printf("5. Output Grades: Output the grades of all students, sorted by ID, name or grade.\n"); printf("6. Help: Show this message.\n"); printf("7. Exit: Exit the system.\n"); } void exit_system() { printf("Thank you for using Student Grade Management System, see you next time!\n"); }

总结

        以上就是今天要讲的内容，本文仔细介绍了学生管理系统模块化的开发，提供了比较完整且有序的撰写思路，先前模块的思路仅供参考，最终以源码为准。如果觉得博主的文章能够帮到你，还记得点点关注，以下是博主的其它文章，有兴趣的小伙伴可以看看噢。