搞定mysql的 行转列（7种方法） 和 列转行

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一、行转列

1、使用case…when…then

 2、使用SUM(IF()) 生成列

3、使用SUM(IF()) 生成列 + WITH ROLLUP 生成汇总行

4、使用SUM(IF()) 生成列，直接生成汇总结果，不再利用子查询

5、使用SUM(IF()) 生成列 + UNION 生成汇总行,并利用 IFNULL将汇总行标题显示为 Total

6、动态查询列值不确定的情况

7、合并字段显示：group_concat()

二、列转行
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一、行转列

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tb_score; CREATE TABLE tb_score( id INT(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, userid VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户id', subject VARCHAR(20) COMMENT '科目', score DOUBLE COMMENT '成绩', PRIMARY KEY(id) )ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

插入数据

INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('001','语文',90); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('001','数学',92); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('001','英语',80); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('002','语文',88); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('002','数学',90); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('002','英语',75.5); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('003','语文',70); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('003','数学',85); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('003','英语',90); INSERT INTO tb_score(userid,subject,score) VALUES ('003','政治',82);

查询数据表中的内容（即转换前的结果）

SELECT * FROM tb_score

先来看一下转换后的结果：

可以看出，这里行转列是将原来的subject字段的多行内容选出来，作为结果集中的不同列，并根据userid进行分组显示对应的score。

1、使用case…when…then 进行行转列

SELECT userid, SUM(CASE `subject` WHEN '语文' THEN score ELSE 0 END) as '语文', SUM(CASE `subject` WHEN '数学' THEN score ELSE 0 END) as '数学', SUM(CASE `subject` WHEN '英语' THEN score ELSE 0 END) as '英语', SUM(CASE `subject` WHEN '政治' THEN score ELSE 0 END) as '政治' FROM tb_score GROUP BY userid

2、使用IF() 进行行转列：

SELECT userid, SUM(IF(`subject`='语文',score,0)) as '语文', SUM(IF(`subject`='数学',score,0)) as '数学', SUM(IF(`subject`='英语',score,0)) as '英语', SUM(IF(`subject`='政治',score,0)) as '政治' FROM tb_score GROUP BY userid

注意点：

（1）SUM() 是为了能够使用GROUP BY根据userid进行分组，因为每一个userid对应的subject=”语文”的记录只有一条，所以SUM() 的值就等于对应那一条记录的score的值。

假如userid =‘001’ and subject=‘语文’ 的记录有两条，则此时SUM() 的值将会是这两条记录的和，同理，使用Max()的值将会是这两条记录里面值最大的一个。但是正常情况下，一个user对应一个subject只有一个分数，因此可以使用SUM()、MAX()、MIN()、AVG()等聚合函数都可以达到行转列的效果。

（2）IF(subject=‘语文’,score,0) 作为条件，即对所有subject=’语文’的记录的score字段进行SUM()、MAX()、MIN()、AVG()操作，如果score没有值则默认为0。

3、利用SUM(IF()) 生成列 + WITH ROLLUP 生成汇总行,并利用 IFNULL将汇总行标题显示为Total

SELECT IFNULL(userid,'total') AS userid, SUM(IF(`subject`='语文',score,0)) AS 语文, SUM(IF(`subject`='数学',score,0)) AS 数学, SUM(IF(`subject`='英语',score,0)) AS 英语, SUM(IF(`subject`='政治',score,0)) AS 政治, SUM(IF(`subject`='total',score,0)) AS total FROM( SELECT userid,IFNULL(`subject`,'total') AS `subject`,SUM(score) AS score FROM tb_score GROUP BY userid,`subject` WITH ROLLUP HAVING userid IS NOT NULL )AS A GROUP BY userid WITH ROLLUP;

运行结果：

4、利用SUM(IF()) 生成列 + UNION 生成汇总行,并利用 IFNULL将汇总行标题显示为 Total

SELECT userid, SUM(IF(`subject`='语文',score,0)) AS 语文, SUM(IF(`subject`='数学',score,0)) AS 数学, SUM(IF(`subject`='英语',score,0)) AS 英语, SUM(IF(`subject`='政治',score,0)) AS 政治, SUM(score) AS TOTAL FROM tb_score GROUP BY userid UNION SELECT 'TOTAL',SUM(IF(`subject`='语文',score,0)) AS 语文, SUM(IF(`subject`='数学',score,0)) AS 数学, SUM(IF(`subject`='英语',score,0)) AS 英语, SUM(IF(`subject`='政治',score,0)) AS 政治, SUM(score) FROM tb_score

运行结果：

5、利用SUM(IF()) 生成列，直接生成结果不再利用子查询

SELECT IFNULL(userid,'TOTAL') AS userid, SUM(IF(`subject`='语文',score,0)) AS 语文, SUM(IF(`subject`='数学',score,0)) AS 数学, SUM(IF(`subject`='英语',score,0)) AS 英语, SUM(IF(`subject`='政治',score,0)) AS 政治, SUM(score) AS TOTAL FROM tb_score GROUP BY userid WITH ROLLUP;

6、动态，适用于列不确定情况

SET @EE=''; select @EE :=CONCAT(@EE,'sum(if(subject= \'',subject,'\',score,0)) as ',subject, ',') AS aa FROM (SELECT DISTINCT subject FROM tb_score) A ; SET @ = CONCAT('select ifnull(userid,\'TOTAL\')as userid,',@EE,' sum(score) as TOTAL from tb_score group by userid WITH ROLLUP'); -- SELECT @; PREPARE stmt FROM @; EXECUTE stmt; DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;

7、合并字段显示：利用group_concat()

SELECT userid,GROUP_CONCAT(`subject`,":",score)AS 成绩 FROM tb_score GROUP BY userid 

结论：group_concat()函数可以很好的建属于同一分组的多个行转化为一个列。

二、列转行

建表语句：

CREATE TABLE tb_score1( id INT(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, userid VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户id', cn_score DOUBLE COMMENT '语文成绩', math_score DOUBLE COMMENT '数学成绩', en_score DOUBLE COMMENT '英语成绩', po_score DOUBLE COMMENT '政治成绩', PRIMARY KEY(id) )ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8; 

插入数据：

INSERT INTO tb_score1(userid,cn_score,math_score,en_score,po_score) VALUES ('001',90,92,80,0); INSERT INTO tb_score1(userid,cn_score,math_score,en_score,po_score) VALUES ('002',88,90,75.5,0); INSERT INTO tb_score1(userid,cn_score,math_score,en_score,po_score) VALUES ('003',70,85,90,82);

查询数据表中的内容（即转换前的结果）

SELECT * FROM tb_score1

本质是将userid的每个科目分数分散成一条记录显示出来。

直接上SQL：

SELECT userid,'语文' AS course,cn_score AS score FROM tb_score1 UNION ALL SELECT userid,'数学' AS course,math_score AS score FROM tb_score1 UNION ALL SELECT userid,'英语' AS course,en_score AS score FROM tb_score1 UNION ALL SELECT userid,'政治' AS course,po_score AS score FROM tb_score1 ORDER BY userid

这里将每个userid对应的多个科目的成绩查出来，通过UNION ALL将结果集加起来，达到上图的效果。