我们来认识一下英语语法的插入语、直接引语和间接引语

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插入语的概念：插入语在英语中形式多样，内容丰富，使用灵活。插入语指的是插在句子中的一个词、短语或从句，其作用是用来补充含义，或作一些解释。插入语通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开，在句中与其他部分没有语法上的联系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整。因此，有的语法学家将其归为独立成分。

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Most important of all，we must

learn all the skills.最重要的是，我们必须掌握所有的技巧。

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温馨提示

a.若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变。例如：

“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.”the teacher

told me.

The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.

b.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。例如：

Tom said，“John，where were you going when I met you in the street?”

Tom asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.

c.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。例如：

Lily said，“I was born on April 1，1986.”

Lily said she was born on April 1，1986.

d.直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。例如：

He said，“I go to school at six every morning.”

→He said he goes to school at six every morning.

e.如果直接引语中含有since，when，while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。例如：

My uncle said to me，“I have worked in this city since my boss came here.”→My uncle told me that he had worked in

this city since his boss came here.

f.如果直接引语中含有情态动词must，need，had better以及情态动词的过去式could，might，should，would在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：

Peter said，“You had better come here today. ”→Peter said

I had better go there that day.

He said，“You mustn’t smoke in the room.”→He said I mustn’t smoke in the room.

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温馨提示

在下列场合，尽管陈述动词为过去形式，间接引语中的动词时、体形式却不必改变。例如：

a.当引述的是客观事实，科学真理、现在习惯动作以及格言等的内容时：He said，“The word ‘laser’is an acronym(首字母缩略词）.”→He said the word‘laser’is an acronym.

b.当原话的动词是虚拟式时：

“I suggest the meeting be put off till next week.”he said.→He suggested the meeting be put off till next week.

c.当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时：“I’m twenty.”he said.→He said he is twenty.

d.当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时：

He said.“I must go to work earlier tomorrow.”→He said he must go to work earlier tomorrow.

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