QT-串口通信

大家好，欢迎来到IT知识分享网。

QT += serialport 

在头文件中添加全局的串口对象

QSerialPort *serial; 

在串口通讯文件中添加头文件

#include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPort> #include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPortInfo> 

QT串口通讯需要大概7步

 //1、设置串口名 serial = new QSerialPort; // serial->setPortName(ui->PortBox->currentText()); //使用自动寻找可用串口直接自动设置串口名 foreach (const QSerialPortInfo &info,QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts()) { 
    QSerialPort serial; serial.setPort(info); if(serial.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite)) { 
    ui->PortBox->addItem(serial.portName()); serial.close(); } } //2、打开串口 serial->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite); //3、设置波特率 serial->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud);//设置波特率为 //4、设置数据位 serial->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);//设置数据位8 //5、设置校验位 serial->setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity); //校验位设置为0 //6、设置停止位 serial->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);//停止位设置为1 //7、设置流控制 serial->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);//设置为无流控制 //到这里串口通信的设置就完成了，下面我们需要实现对数据的发送和接收 

1、工程文件SerialPortTool.pro

#------------------------------------------------- # # Project created by QtCreator 2017-11-17T15:43:04 # #------------------------------------------------- QT += core gui QT += serialport greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets TARGET = SerialPortTool TEMPLATE = app # The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use # any feature of Qt which as been marked as deprecated (the exact warnings # depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the # deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it. DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS # You can also make your code fail to compile if you use deprecated APIs. # In order to do so, uncomment the following line. # You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt. #DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000 # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0 SOURCES += \ main.cpp \ mainwindow.cpp HEADERS += \ mainwindow.h FORMS += \ mainwindow.ui 

2、头文件mainwindow.h

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H #define MAINWINDOW_H #include <QMainWindow> #include <QDebug> #include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPort> #include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPortInfo> namespace Ui { 
    class MainWindow; } class MainWindow : public QMainWindow { 
    Q_OBJECT public: explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0); ~MainWindow(); private slots: void on_OpenSerialButton_clicked(); void ReadData(); void on_SendButton_clicked(); private: Ui::MainWindow *ui; QSerialPort *serial; }; #endif // MAINWINDOW_H 

3、源文件mainwindow.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h" #include "ui_mainwindow.h" MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent), ui(new Ui::MainWindow) { 
    ui->setupUi(this); //查找可用的串口 foreach (const QSerialPortInfo &info,QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts()) { 
    QSerialPort serial; serial.setPort(info); if(serial.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite)) { 
    ui->PortBox->addItem(serial.portName()); serial.close(); } } //设置波特率下拉菜单默认显示第0项 ui->BaudBox->setCurrentIndex(0); } MainWindow::~MainWindow() { 
    delete ui; } void MainWindow::on_OpenSerialButton_clicked() { 
    if(ui->OpenSerialButton->text() == tr("打开串口")) { 
    serial = new QSerialPort; //设置串口名 serial->setPortName(ui->PortBox->currentText()); //打开串口 serial->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite); //设置波特率 serial->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud);//设置波特率为 //设置数据位数 switch (ui->BitBox->currentIndex()) { 
    case 8: serial->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);//设置数据位8 break; default: break; } //设置校验位 switch (ui->ParityBox->currentIndex()) { 
    case 0: serial->setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity); break; default: break; } //设置停止位 switch (ui->BitBox->currentIndex()) { 
    case 1: serial->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);//停止位设置为1 break; case 2: serial->setStopBits(QSerialPort::TwoStop); default: break; } //设置流控制 serial->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);//设置为无流控制 //关闭设置菜单使能 ui->PortBox->setEnabled(false); ui->BaudBox->setEnabled(false); ui->BitBox->setEnabled(false); ui->ParityBox->setEnabled(false); ui->StopBox->setEnabled(false); ui->OpenSerialButton->setText(tr("关闭串口")); //连接信号槽 QObject::connect(serial,&QSerialPort::readyRead,this,&MainWindow::ReadData); } else { 
    //关闭串口 serial->clear(); serial->close(); serial->deleteLater(); //恢复设置使能 ui->PortBox->setEnabled(true); ui->BaudBox->setEnabled(true); ui->BitBox->setEnabled(true); ui->ParityBox->setEnabled(true); ui->StopBox->setEnabled(true); ui->OpenSerialButton->setText(tr("打开串口")); } } //读取接收到的信息 void MainWindow::ReadData() { 
    QByteArray buf; buf = serial->readAll(); if(!buf.isEmpty()) { 
    QString str = ui->textEdit->toPlainText(); str+=tr(buf); ui->textEdit->clear(); ui->textEdit->append(str); } buf.clear(); } //发送按钮槽函数 void MainWindow::on_SendButton_clicked() { 
    serial->write(ui->textEdit_2->toPlainText().toLatin1()); } 

4、界面文件mainwindow.ui

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <ui version="4.0"> <class>MainWindow</class> <widget class="QMainWindow" name="MainWindow"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>0</x> <y>0</y> <width>547</width> <height>470</height> </rect> </property> <property name="windowTitle"> <string>MainWindow</string> </property> <widget class="QWidget" name="centralWidget"> <widget class="QLabel" name="label"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>10</x> <y>50</y> <width>54</width> <height>12</height> </rect> </property> <property name="text"> <string>串口</string> </property> </widget> <widget class="QLabel" name="label_2"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>10</x> <y>90</y> <width>54</width> <height>12</height> </rect> </property> <property name="text"> <string>波特率</string> </property> </widget> <widget class="QLabel" name="label_3"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>10</x> <y>130</y> <width>54</width> <height>12</height> </rect> </property> <property name="text"> <string>数据位</string> </property> </widget> <widget class="QComboBox" name="PortBox"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>100</x> <y>50</y> <width>69</width> <height>22</height> </rect> </property> </widget> <widget class="QComboBox" name="BaudBox"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>100</x> <y>90</y> <width>69</width> <height>22</height> </rect> </property> <property name="currentIndex"> <number>0</number> </property> <item> <property name="text"> <string>9600</string> </property> </item> <item> <property name="text"> <string>19200</string> </property> </item> <item> <property name="text"> <string>38400</string> </property> </item> <item> <property name="text"> <string>57600</string> </property> </item> <item> <property name="text"> <string></string> </property> </item> </widget> <widget class="QComboBox" name="BitBox"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>100</x> <y>120</y> <width>69</width> <height>22</height> </rect> </property> <property name="currentIndex"> <number>0</number> </property> <item> <property name="text"> <string>8</string> </property> </item> </widget> <widget class="QComboBox" name="ParityBox"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>100</x> <y>160</y> <width>69</width> <height>22</height> </rect> </property> <item> <property name="text"> <string>0</string> </property> </item> </widget> <widget class="QLabel" name="label_4"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>10</x> <y>160</y> <width>61</width> <height>16</height> </rect> </property> <property name="text"> <string>校验位</string> </property> </widget> <widget class="QLabel" name="label_6"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>10</x> <y>200</y> <width>54</width> <height>12</height> </rect> </property> <property name="text"> <string>停止位</string> </property> </widget> <widget class="QComboBox" name="StopBox"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>100</x> <y>200</y> <width>69</width> <height>22</height> </rect> </property> <item> <property name="text"> <string>1</string> </property> </item> </widget> <widget class="QPushButton" name="OpenSerialButton"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>100</x> <y>240</y> <width>71</width> <height>23</height> </rect> </property> <property name="text"> <string>打开串口</string> </property> </widget> <widget class="QTextEdit" name="textEdit"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>200</x> <y>30</y> <width>221</width> <height>291</height> </rect> </property> </widget> <widget class="QTextEdit" name="textEdit_2"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>200</x> <y>330</y> <width>221</width> <height>31</height> </rect> </property> </widget> <widget class="QPushButton" name="SendButton"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>430</x> <y>330</y> <width>75</width> <height>31</height> </rect> </property> <property name="text"> <string>发送</string> </property> </widget> </widget> <widget class="QMenuBar" name="menuBar"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>0</x> <y>0</y> <width>547</width> <height>23</height> </rect> </property> </widget> <widget class="QToolBar" name="mainToolBar"> <attribute name="toolBarArea"> <enum>TopToolBarArea</enum> </attribute> <attribute name="toolBarBreak"> <bool>false</bool> </attribute> </widget> <widget class="QStatusBar" name="statusBar"/> </widget> <layoutdefault spacing="6" margin="11"/> <resources/> <connections/> </ui> 

图形界面显示串口信息

#include <QApplication> #include <QWidget> #include <QVBoxLayout> #include <QLabel> #include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPortInfo> QT_USE_NAMESPACE int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { 
    QApplication a(argc, argv); QWidget w; w.setWindowTitle(QObject::tr("Info about all available serial ports.")); QVBoxLayout *layout = new QVBoxLayout; foreach (const QSerialPortInfo &info, QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts()) { 
    QString s = QObject::tr("Port: ") + info.portName() + "\n" + QObject::tr("Location: ") + info.systemLocation() + "\n" + QObject::tr("Description: ") + info.description() + "\n" + QObject::tr("Manufacturer: ") + info.manufacturer() + "\n" + QObject::tr("Vendor Identifier: ") + (info.hasVendorIdentifier() ? QString::number(info.vendorIdentifier(), 16) : QString()) + "\n" + QObject::tr("Product Identifier: ") + (info.hasProductIdentifier() ?QString::number(info.productIdentifier(), 16) : QString()) + "\n" + QObject::tr("Busy: ") + (info.isBusy() ? QObject::tr("Yes") : QObject::tr("No")) + "\n"; QLabel *label = new QLabel(s); layout->addWidget(label); } w.setLayout(layout); w.show(); return a.exec(); }