python中farbic和paramiko模块

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fabric

        Fabric是一个python的远程执行shell的库，同时它也是一个命令行工具。它提供了丰富的同 SSH 交互的接口，可以用来在本地或远程机器上自动化、流水化地执行 Shell 命令。

#python3 安装时使用的是fabric3 :（ 安装fabric3之前，需要先卸载fabric.） # fabric3 支持 python3 pip uninstall fabric pip3 install fabric3

fabric 不只是一个Python 模块，fabric 还是一个命令行工具，可以使用fab -h查看帮助信息 

E:\my_data\hk-project>fab -V Fabric3 1.14.post1 Paramiko 2.9.2 E:\my_data\hk-project>fab -h 

入门使用

fabric常用参数
 

-l：显示定义好的任务函数名 -f：指定fab人口文件，默认人口文件名为fabfile.py -H：指定目标主机，多台主机用“,”号分割 fab -H localhost -f host_type.py function

fabric常用API

local：执行本地命令，如：local('uname -s') lcd：切换本地目录，如：lcd('/home') cd：切换远程目录，如：cd('/etc') run：执行远程命令，如：run('free -m') sudo：sudo方式执行远程命令，如：sudo('touch /abc') put：上传本地文件到远程主机，如：put('/hello', '/home/itcast/hello') get：从远程主机下载文件到本地，如：get('/home/python/world', '/home/itcase/world') reboot：重启远程主机，如：reboot() @task：函数装饰器，标识的函数为fab可调用的，非标记的对fab不可见，纯业务逻辑 @runs_once：函数装饰器，标识的函数只会执行一次，不受多台主机影响

fabric全局属性设定

env.host：定义目标主机，如：env.host=['192.168.17.192','192.168.17.193'] env.user：定义用户名，如：env.user="root" env.port：定义目标主机端口，默认为22，如：env.port=“22” env.password：定义密码，如：env.password="chuanzhi" env.passwords：不同的主机不同的密码，如： env.passowrds={ 'root@192.168.117.92:22':'passwd', 'admin@192.168.117.93:22':'password' }

示例1：动态获取远程目录列表

$ cat simple2.py #!/usr/bin/env python from fabric.api import * env.user = 'root' env.hosts = ['192.168.0.121'] env.password = '' def remote_task(): #"with"的作用是让后面的语句继承当前状态，实现"cd /root/ && ls -l'的效果 with cd('/root'): run('ls -l') =========================================================================== $ fab -f simple2.py remote_task [192.168.0.121] Executing task 'remote_task' [192.168.0.121] run: ls -l [192.168.0.121] out: total 4 [192.168.0.121] out: -rw-------. 1 root root 1273 May 29 11:47 anaconda-ks.cfg [192.168.0.121] out: Done. Disconnecting from 192.168.0.121... done. 

示例2：部署LNMP业务服务环境

#!/usr/bin/env python from fabric.colors import * from fabric.api import * env.user = 'root' env.roledefs = { 'webservers':['192.168.56.11','192.168.56.12'], 'dbservers':['192.168.56.13'] } env.passwords = { 'root@192.168.56.11:22':'', 'root@192.168.56.12:22':'', 'root@192.168.56.13:22':'', } @roles('webservers') #使用webtask任务函数引用'webservers'角色修复符 def webtask(): print(yellow('Install nginx php php-fpm...')) with settings(warn_only=True): run("yum -y install nginx") run("yum -y install php-fpm php-mysql php-mbstring php-xml php-mcrypt php-gd") run("chkconfig --levels 235 php-fpm on") run("chkconfig --levels 235 nginx on") @roles('dbservers') #dbtask任务函数引用'dbservers'角色修复符 def dbtask(): print(yellow("Install Mysql...")) with settings(warn_only=True): run("yum -y install mysql mysql-server") run("chkconfig --levels 235 mysqld on") @roles('webservers','dbservers') #publictask任务函数同时引用两个角色修复符 def publictask(): #部署公共类环境，如epel、ntp等 print(yellow("Install epel ntp....")) with settings(warn_only=True): run("wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo") run("yum -y install ntp") def deploy(): execute(publictask) execute(webtask) execute(dbtask) ================================================================================== $ fab -Pf simple6.py deploy [192.168.56.11] Executing task 'publictask' [192.168.56.12] Executing task 'publictask' [192.168.56.13] Executing task 'publictask'Install epel ntp.... [192.168.56.13] run: wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repoInstall epel ntp.... [192.168.56.12] run: wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repoInstall epel ntp.... [192.168.56.11] run: wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo [192.168.56.12] out: --2021-06-23 20:32:30-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo [192.168.56.11] out: --2021-06-23 20:32:30-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo [192.168.56.13] out: --2021-06-23 20:32:30-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo.... [192.168.56.13] run: yum -y install ntp [192.168.56.12] run: yum -y install ntp [192.168.56.11] run: yum -y install ntp .... .... .... [192.168.56.11] Executing task 'webtask' [192.168.56.12] Executing task 'webtask'Install nginx php php-fpm... [192.168.56.11] run: yum -y install nginx Install nginx php php-fpm... [192.168.56.12] run: yum -y install nginx .... .... .... [192.168.56.13] Executing task 'dbtask'Install Mysql... [192.168.56.13] run: rpm -ivh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm..... ..... ..... [192.168.56.13] run: chkconfig --levels 235 mysqld on 

paramiko

1)实现了ssh协议

2)实现ssh远程控制

3)实现sftp功能

import paramiko #安装后导入模块 #创建实例 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() #相当于在询问是否接受服务器秘钥时自动回答yes ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) ssh.connect('192.168.59.112',username='root',password='') """ stdin.标准输入 用于实现交互式命令 stdout.标准输出 保存命令的正确执行结果 stderr.标准错误输出 保存命令的错误信息 """ stdin ,stdout ,stderr = ssh.exec_command('mkdir /root/newdir') print(str(stdout.read())) ssh.close

案例代码，查看多台服务器的磁盘使用率（此代码演示查看192.168.59.131-132）

import paramiko import sys def sshExecCMD(ip , uesrname , password ): ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy) print("请求%s:" % ip) try: ssh_client.connect(hostname=ip ,username=uesrname ,password=password) except Exception as e: print("服务器%s连接失败！！！" % ip) print(e) sys.exit() stdin ,stdout ,stderr = ssh_client.exec_command("df -h") print(stdout.read().decode("utf-8")) ssh_client.close() if __name__ == '__main__': for i in range(131, 133): server = { '192.168.59.' + str(i): { "username": "root", "password": "", #"port": 22 } } for ip, info in server.items(): sshExecCMD( ip=ip, uesrname=info.get("username"), password=info.get("password"), #port=info.get("port") ) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> /usr/bin/python3.7 /root/PycharmProjects/pythonProject/webone.py 请求192.168.59.131: 文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/centos-root 4.4G 3.7G 744M 84% / /dev/sda1 1014M 151M 864M 15% /boot tmpfs 1.9G 12K 1.9G 1% /var/lib/kubelet/pods/33185cf6-cdfe-4e1e-9a31-e8de94263fa3/volumes/kubernetes.io~secret/flannel-token-xkp6d tmpfs 1.9G 12K 1.9G 1% /var/lib/kubelet/pods/a4-0983-4977-946b-0d91e5576b90/volumes/kubernetes.io~secret/kube-proxy-token-nxmps overlay 4.4G 3.7G 744M 84% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/c585e004fdba2bd41ceaeca30aba69e4c29842c61c5b33caace5827/merged shm 64M 0 64M 0% /var/lib/docker/containers/2bf609ddce0c66fb63aa03997ac073b56466ab2ce6005c0193/mounts/shm overlay 4.4G 3.7G 744M 84% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/0e1cf81dbeac11cb2deac9dafa43826e7740d7c/merged overlay 4.4G 3.7G 744M 84% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/6cff54918ae7b8ba0f9acc38ae2481aaa4471c01f651a301df163a01a/merged shm 64M 0 64M 0% /var/lib/docker/containers/94fba10fc9e7515d5c70722e3738ebed8ebf1a4d98bcde259f15ff50a/mounts/shm overlay 4.4G 3.7G 744M 84% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/c709ceeb38a5fe3fd79d74f6cde1bf0089384f214a7322d3d/merged tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0 请求192.168.59.132: 服务器192.168.59.132连接失败！！！ [Errno None] Unable to connect to port 22 on 192.168.59.132 进程已结束，退出代码为 0 

paramiko上传下载文件

#coding:utf-8 import paramiko def sshFile(): #与服务器创建ssh连接 ssh_conn = paramiko.Transport(("192.168.59.128", 22)) ssh_conn.connect(username="root", password="") #基于ssh连接创建ftp客户端 ftp_client = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(ssh_conn) #下载文件 上传和下载要保证客户端和服务端的文件名一致 ./.*?/name == .\.*?\name ftp_client.get('/etc/hosts',r'E:\learndj\hosts') #上传文件 #ftp_client.put(r"E:\learndj\hosts","/mnt/hosts") ssh_conn.close() if __name__ == '__main__': sshFile() 

paramiko往多个服务器上传案例

# coding:utf-8 import paramiko import os # localfile:本地文件夹名 # remotedir:服务器目录名称 def sshPutFile(ip, port, username, password, localfile, remotedir): # 创建ssh链接 ssh_conn = paramiko.Transport((ip, port)) ssh_conn.connect(username=username, password=password) # 获取源文件的文件名 file_name = os.path.basename(localfile) # 处理服务器目录名称 /etc/ if not remotedir.endswith("/"): remotedir = remotedir + "/" system_file = remotedir + file_name ftp_client = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(ssh_conn) ftp_client.put(localfile, system_file) ssh_conn.close() if __name__ == '__main__': servers = { "192.168.59.128":{ "username": "root", "password": "", "port": 22 }, "192.168.59.130": { "username": "root", "password": "", "port": 22 }, "192.168.59.131": { "username": "root", "password": "", "port": 22 } } source_file = input("源文件名称（绝对路径）：") server_dir = input("服务器目录路径：") for ip,info in servers.items(): sshPutFile( ip= ip, port= info.get("port"), username= info.get("username"), password= info.get("password"), localfile = source_file, remotedir= server_dir, ) 

        查看是否上传成功，根据需求写获取ip的方式，此方式仅供参考，配置数量较大是可以采用多线程的方式增加效率。

import paramiko ips_info = [ #("ip","username","password") ("101.43.129.109","root","Zgy666.."), ("10.1.128.14","root","rootroot"), ] cmds = """ ls free -h df -h """ class ssh_Client: def __init__(self): self.cmd = cmds for ip_info in ips_info: self.ip = ip_info[0] self.username = ip_info[1] self.passwd = ip_info[2] print("请求%s:" % self.ip) try: ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy) ssh.connect(hostname=self.ip, username=self.username, password=self.passwd) stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(self.cmd) print(stdout.read().decode("utf-8")) except Exception as e: print(self.ip, "连接失败，", e) ssh.close() if __name__ == '__main__': ssh_Client()

# coding:utf-8 import os import sys from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor import paramiko from pathlib import Path self_name = sys.argv[0].rsplit('/', 1)[1] self_dir = os.listdir() self_dir.remove(self_name) localhost = { # "192.168.0.50":("root","rootroot"), "101.43.129.109": ("root", "Zgy666.."), # "10.1.128.13": ("root", "rootroot"), } BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent # 服务端接收文件路径 server_path = "/mnt/" def printTotals(transferred, toBeTransferred): print("\r", end="") # print("Download progress: {}%: ".format(transferred*100//toBeTransferred), "▋" * (transferred*50 // toBeTransferred), end="") print(f"进度:{'▋' * (transferred * 50 // toBeTransferred)} {transferred * 100 // toBeTransferred}% ", end="") sys.stdout.flush() # print("Transferred: {0}\tOut of: {1}".format(transferred, toBeTransferred) ) def sshFile(localhost, username, password, put_path, load_path): try: # 与服务器创建ssh连接 ssh_conn = paramiko.Transport((localhost, 22)) ssh_conn.connect(username=username, password=password) # 基于ssh连接创建ftp客户端 ftp_client = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(ssh_conn) # 上传文件 local_nowfile = put_path.split("/")[-1] print("\n%s =====> %s \n" % (localhost, local_nowfile), end="") ftp_client.put(put_path, load_path, callback=printTotals) print("\n%s %s 传输完成！\n" % (localhost, local_nowfile), end="") ssh_conn.close() except Exception as e: print(localhost,e) def put_File(hostname, username, password): for path_file in self_dir: user_path_file = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, path_file) server_path_file = os.path.join(server_path, path_file) sshFile(hostname, username, password, user_path_file, server_path_file) def pool_run(): pool = ThreadPoolExecutor(10) for host, user_info in localhost.items(): try: pool.submit(put_File, host, user_info[0], user_info[1]) except Exception as e: print(host, e) def run(): for host, user_info in localhost.items(): put_File(host,user_info[0],user_info[1]) if __name__ == '__main__': run()