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per- ① 表示”贯穿,自始至终”;② 表示”假,坏”
一、表示‘贯穿,自始至终’
- perspective /pəˈspektɪv/
中文释义:透视(画);观点,视角。
英文释义:a way of thinking about something; the ability to see things in their true relationship or importance.
构词:per-(贯穿)+ spect(看)+ -ive → 看透事物本质。
例句:Artists use perspective to create the illusion of depth on a flat surface.(艺术家利用透视法在平面上创造出深度错觉。) - perennial /pəˈreniəl/
中文释义:全年的;多年生的。
英文释义:lasting for a long time or happening repeatedly; (of a plant) living for several years.
构词:per-(自始至终)+ ennial(年)→ 持续多年的。
例句:The garden is filled with perennial flowers that bloom every spring.(花园里种满了每年春天都会开花的多年生花卉。) - perspire /pərˈspaɪr/
中文释义:出汗,排汗。
英文释义:to produce sweat as the body’s way of cooling down.
构词:per-(贯穿)+ spire(呼吸)→ 全身通过排汗 “呼吸”。
例句:You perspire more when you exercise to regulate body temperature.(运动时出汗更多,以调节体温。) - permanent /ˈpɜːrmənənt/
中文释义:永久的,持久的。
英文释义:lasting for a long time or forever; not temporary.
构词:per-(始终)+ man(拿住)+ -ent → 始终保持不变的。
例句:She got a permanent tattoo on her wrist as a symbol of her journey.(她在手腕上纹了一个永久性纹身,作为人生旅程的象征。) - persist /pərˈsɪst/
中文释义:坚持;持续存在。
英文释义:to continue doing something despite difficulties; to continue existing.
构词:per-(始终)+ sist(站立)→ 始终站立不倒。
例句:He persisted in his research even after facing multiple setbacks.(即使面临多次挫折,他仍坚持自己的研究。) - persuade /pərˈsweɪd/
中文释义:劝说,说服。
英文释义:to convince someone to do or believe something through reasoning or argument.
构词:per-(始终)+ suade(劝告)→ 不断劝告直至说服。
例句:I managed to persuade my friend to join the hiking trip.(我成功说服朋友参加徒步旅行。) - percussion /pərˈkʌʃn/
中文释义:敲打,打击乐;碰撞。
英文释义:the act of hitting something to produce a sound; instruments played by hitting.
构词:per-(贯穿)+ cuss(震动)+ -ion → 震动传递的敲打动作。
例句:The drum set is a central instrument in the percussion section.(架子鼓是打击乐声部的核心乐器。) - perspicacious /ˌpɜːrspɪˈkeɪʃəs/
中文释义:独具慧眼的,敏锐的。
英文释义:having a ready insight into things; perceptive.
构词:per-(全部)+ spic(看)+ -acious(形容词后缀)→ 全部看透的。
例句:Her perspicacious analysis of the market trends impressed the team.(她对市场趋势的敏锐分析让团队印象深刻。) - pernicious /pərˈnɪʃəs/
中文释义:有害的,致命的。
英文释义:having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.
构词:per-(贯穿)+ nic(毒)+ -ious → 毒性贯穿始终的。
例句:Smoking has a pernicious impact on both lung and heart health.(吸烟对肺部和心脏健康均有致命影响。) - perplexed /pərˈplekst/
中文释义:困惑的,不知所措的。
英文释义:feeling confused and uncertain; baffled.
构词:per-(全部)+ plex(重叠)+ -ed → 思绪全部重叠在一起的。
例句:He looked perplexed when asked to solve the complex math problem.(被要求解这道复杂的数学题时,他显得困惑不已。) - perforate /ˈpɜːrfəreɪt/
中文释义:打洞,穿孔。
英文释义:to make a hole or holes in something.
构词:per-(穿过)+ forate(打孔)→ 打孔穿过物体。
例句:The machine is used to perforate paper for easy tearing.(这台机器用于在纸上打孔,方便撕开。) - permeate /ˈpɜːrmieɪt/
中文释义:渗透,弥漫。
英文释义:to spread throughout something; to pass through the pores or interstices of.
构词:per-(穿过)+ me(走)+ -ate → 穿过物体缝隙行走。
例句:The smell of coffee permeated the entire house.(咖啡的香味弥漫了整个房子。)
二、表示‘假,坏’
- perfidy /ˈpɜːrfədi/
中文释义:不忠,背叛。
英文释义:the action of betraying someone’s trust; disloyalty.
构词:per-(假)+ fid(相信)+ -y → 虚假的信任。
例句:His perfidy towards his allies led to the collapse of the alliance.(他对盟友的背叛导致了联盟的瓦解。) - perjury /ˈpɜːrdʒəri/
中文释义:伪证,作伪证。
英文释义:the crime of lying under oath in a court of law.
构词:per-(假)+ jur(发誓)+ -y → 虚假的誓言。
例句:The witness was charged with perjury for falsifying her testimony.(证人因伪造证词被控作伪证。) - perfunctory /pərˈfʌŋktəri/
中文释义:草率的,敷衍的。
英文释义:done quickly and without care or interest; superficial.
构词:per-(坏)+ funct(作用)+ -ory → 未起到应有作用的。
例句:He gave a perfunctory glance at the report before signing it.(他在签署报告前草率地瞥了一眼。) - perpetrate /ˈpɜːrpətreɪt/
中文释义:犯(罪),做(坏事)。
英文释义:to carry out a harmful, illegal, or immoral act.
构词:per-(坏)+ petr(=patr,父亲,引申为 “权威”)+ -ate → 以权威身份行恶。
例句:The group was accused of perpetrating acts of violence against civilians.(该组织被控对平民实施暴力行为。) - pervert /pərˈvɜːrt/
中文释义:堕落;滥用,歪曲。
英文释义:to turn something away from its proper use or purpose; to corrupt morally.
构词:per-(坏)+ vert(转)→ 转向坏的方向。
例句:He was accused of perverting the course of justice.(他被控歪曲司法程序。)
特别说明
- per- 前缀的多义性:作 “贯穿” 解时,常与 “完整、彻底” 相关(如 persist“坚持到底”、permeate“彻底渗透”)。作 “假、坏” 解时,多含 “负面、破坏” 意味(如 perfidy“背叛”、pervert“堕落”)。
- 易混前缀对比:注意区分 per-(贯穿 / 坏)与 para-(旁边 / 辅助)、pan-(广泛)等前缀的含义差异,避免混淆。
- 构词逻辑扩展:per- 与动词、形容词结合时,常强化动作的 “彻底性”(如 perforate“打穿”、persuade“彻底说服”)。
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