词汇可以如此多娇

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众所周知，一篇优秀的托福，雅思，SAT或者ACT的写作是由多个要素构成的：词汇，句型，破题，逻辑等。词汇和句型是需要长期的积累，但是积累仅仅靠词汇书是不够的，因为市面上大量的词汇书仅仅给出的单词的基本含义，而不太会涉及到单词和句型的灵活使用，所以常读外刊是必须的，养成摘录外刊中的好词好句也是必须要养成习惯的，正所谓，天下文章一大抄，这里说的“抄”，可不是机械的剽窃，而是灵活的借用和组合。

逻辑论证也是一篇好作文必须的，如果说词汇和句型是一个人的外表的话，那么逻辑论证就是一个人的灵魂，正所谓，需要金玉其外，但也不能败絮其中吧。因果和举例论证是两种最常用的两种论证方式，今天我们先谈谈被大部分学生忽视的，或者说是不擅长的因果论证的用词的多样性(很多托福考生的独立作业是靠大量的例证法来凑字数的，虽然不是坏事—因为很多时候靠字数是能够拿高分的，但是也请孩子们不要忽视说理的重要性，这才是议论文的核心所在)。

大部分孩子能够想到的因果关系词无非以下：reason, cause, result from, lead to, result in, for, since ,in that, as, etc. 下面补充一些老程在外刊中收集的一些我觉得不错的一些表达方式：

1. PM10, a sub-category of particulate matter mea­suring ten-millionths of a metre across, has been implicated in thousands of deaths a year in Britain alone.

画外音：老程貌似还记得国内从PM10到PM2.5的测量标准的转换得感谢美国…

2. Many other African countries have also seen increases in their quality of life. China has seen its score rise by 27% on the back of strong economic growth.

画外音：中国早就超越日本成为GDP总量世界第二的超级大国啦，但是人均的还得努力啊…

3. Contracting salmonella also is a potential problem and the most frequently reported cause of foodborne illnesses in humans. It’s in the news now because of contaminated tomatoes. However, it can also be passed through animal waste, and may cause symptoms like fever, vomiting, diarrhea and exhaustion. The biggest pet culprits are reptiles, so it is important to practice excellent hygiene when caring for them.

画外音：宠物虽好，也得注意卫生哦…

4. Their longer-term problems, which were affecting their market share, were eventually credited to poor training.

画外音：想起了国足，上帝都哭了…

5. We oppose the bill, on the grounds that it discriminates against women.

画外音：提倡女权，但别忘了男同胞…

6. It has been calculated that 17 per cent of cases of lung cancer can be attributed to high levels of exposure to second-hand tobacoo smoke during childhood and adolescence.

画外音：中国烟草总公司的理论可是秒杀BAT(Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent)的哦

7. Another factor behind the increase in sex crimes by minors is the earlier onset of puberty.

画外音：抖音虽好，但是也不能贪看哦…

8. A further 875 species are considered extinct including 66 that are extinct in the wild. Habitat loss or a change in land use are frequently to blame.

画外音：姚明说过，没有买卖，就没有杀害…

9. Murdoch’s News of the World, a 168-year-old tabloid that was Britain’s biggest Sunday newspaper, folded over the weekend in the wake of accusations that its reporters illegally eavesdropped on the phone messages of murder and terrorism victims, politicians and celebrities.

画外音：默多克这位传媒大亨可能很多孩子没听过，但是他的其中一位太太(邓文迪)可是大名鼎鼎哦…

10. The reason why people like to move from rural areas to urban areas is rooted in the fact that the city homes more social and economic opportunities.

画外音：天朝的很多农村只剩下了老人，孩子和狗…

从以上的例句我们能够看出，好的句子其实不是词汇量有多大，而是用词的地道和自然，而这些是词汇书上学不到的，希望孩子们能够养成阅读外刊并且做摘录的学习习惯，日积月累。

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