使用WinINet和WinHTTP实现Http访问Http 访问有两种方式 GET 和 POST 就编程来说 GET 方式相对简单点 它不用向服务器提交数据 在这个例程中我使用 POST 方式 提交数据 value1 与 value2 并从服务器得到他们的和 value1 value2
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Http 访问有两种方式, GET 和 POST ,就编程来说 GET 方式相对简单点,它不用向服务器提交数据,在这个例程中我使用 POST 方式,提交数据 value1 与 value2 ,并从服务器得到他们的和( value1 + value2 )。
为实现 Http 访问,微软提供了二 套 API : WinINet, WinHTTP 。 WinHTTP 比 WinINet 更加安全和健壮 , 可以这么认为 WinHTTP 是 WinINet 的升级版本 。 这两套 API 包含了很多相似的函数与宏定义,呵呵,详细对比请查阅 msdn 中的文章“ Porting WinINet Applications to WinHTTP ”,在线 MSDN 连接: http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa.aspx 。在这个例程中,通过一个宏的设置来决定是使用 WinHttp 还是 WinINet 。代码如下 :
#define USE_WINHTTP //Comment this line to user wininet.
下面来说说实现 Http 访问的流程(两套 API 都一样的流程):
1, 首先我们打开一个 Session 获得一个 HINTERNET session 句柄;
2, 然后我们使用这个 session 句柄与服务器连接得到一个 HINTERNET connect 句柄;
3, 然后我们使用这个 connect 句柄来打开 Http 请求得到一个 HINTERNET request 句柄;
4, 这时我们就可以使用这个 request 句柄来发送数据与读取从服务器返回的数据;
5, 最后依次关闭 request , connect , session 句柄。
在这个例程中以上各个流程都进行了简单封装,以便对比两套 API 函数的些许差异。下面让源代码说话,原工程是一个 windows 控制台工程,你可以很容易通过拷贝代码重建工程。
另:如果你从服务器得到的返回数据是 utf8 格式的文本数据,你将需要对返回的数据进行转换才能正确显示中文,日文等。仅供参考,转换为 ATL CStringW 的函数见下:
CStringW GetStringWFromUtf8( const std::string & str) {
int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str.c_str(), int (str.length()), 0, 0); CStringW buf; WCHAR* dd = buf.GetBuffer(len); len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str.c_str(), int (str.length()), dd, len); buf.ReleaseBuffer(len); return buf; }
完整代码如下:
1
// HttpPost.cpp written by l_zhaohui@163.com 2 // 2007/11/30 3 #include “ stdafx.h “ 4 #include < windows.h > 5 #include < stdio.h > 6 #include < stdlib.h > 7 8 #define _ATL_CSTRING_EXPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS 9 #include < atlbase.h > 10 #include < atlstr.h > 11 12 #define USE_WINHTTP // Comment this line to user wininet. 13 #ifdef USE_WINHTTP 14 #include < winhttp.h > 15 #pragma comment(lib, “ winhttp.lib “ ) 16 # else 17 #include < wininet.h > 18 #pragma comment(lib, “ wininet.lib “ ) 19 #endif 20 #define BUF_SIZE ( 1024 ) 21 22 // CrackedUrl 23 class CrackedUrl {
24 int m_scheme; 25 CStringW m_host; 26 int m_port; 27 CStringW m_path; 28 public : 29 CrackedUrl(LPCWSTR url) 30 {
31 URL_COMPONENTS uc = { 0} ; 32 uc.dwStructSize = sizeof(uc); 33 34 const DWORD BUF_LEN = 256; 35 36 WCHAR host[BUF_LEN]; 37 uc.lpszHostName = host; 38 uc.dwHostNameLength = BUF_LEN; 39 40 WCHAR path[BUF_LEN]; 41 uc.lpszUrlPath = path; 42 uc.dwUrlPathLength = BUF_LEN; 43 44 WCHAR extra[BUF_LEN]; 45 uc.lpszExtraInfo = extra; 46 uc.dwExtraInfoLength = BUF_LEN; 47 48 #ifdef USE_WINHTTP 49 if (!WinHttpCrackUrl(url, 0, ICU_ESCAPE, &uc)) {
50 printf(“Error:WinHttpCrackUrl failed!\n”); 51 } 52 53 #else 54 if (!InternetCrackUrl(url, 0, ICU_ESCAPE, &uc)) {
55 printf(“Error:InternetCrackUrl failed!\n”); 56 } 57 #endif 58 m_scheme = uc.nScheme; 59 m_host = host; 60 m_port = uc.nPort; 61 m_path = path; 62 } 63 64 int GetScheme() const 65 {
66 return m_scheme; 67 } 68 69 LPCWSTR GetHostName() const 70 {
71 return m_host; 72 } 73 74 int GetPort() const 75 {
76 return m_port; 77 } 78 79 LPCWSTR GetPath() const 80 {
81 return m_path; 82 } 83 84 static CStringA UrlEncode(const char * p) 85 {
86 if (p == 0) {
87 return CStringA(); 88 } 89 90 CStringA buf; 91 92 for (;;) {
93 int ch = (BYTE) (*(p++)); 94 if (ch == ‘\0’) {
95 break ; 96 } 97 98 if (isalnum(ch) || ch == ‘_’ || ch == ‘-‘ || ch == ‘.’) {
99 buf += (char )ch; 100 } 101 else if (ch == ‘ ‘) {
102 buf += ‘+’; 103 } 104 else {
105 char c[16]; 106 wsprintfA(c, “%%%02X”, ch); 107 buf += c; 108 } 109 } 110 111 return buf; 112 } 113 } ; 114 115 // CrackedUrl 116 HINTERNET OpenSession(LPCWSTR userAgent = 0 ) 117 {
118 #ifdef USE_WINHTTP 119 return WinHttpOpen(userAgent, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);; 120 #else 121 return InternetOpen(userAgent, INTERNET_OPEN_TYPE_PRECONFIG, NULL, NULL, 0); 122 #endif 123 } 124 125 HINTERNET Connect(HINTERNET hSession, LPCWSTR serverAddr, int portNo) 126 {
127 #ifdef USE_WINHTTP 128 return WinHttpConnect(hSession, serverAddr, (INTERNET_PORT) portNo, 0); 129 #else 130 return InternetConnect(hSession, serverAddr, portNo, NULL, NULL, INTERNET_SERVICE_HTTP, 0, 0); 131 #endif 132 } 133 134 HINTERNET OpenRequest(HINTERNET hConnect, LPCWSTR verb, LPCWSTR objectName, int scheme) 135 {
136 DWORD flags = 0; 137 #ifdef USE_WINHTTP 138 if (scheme == INTERNET_SCHEME_HTTPS) {
139 flags |= WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE; 140 } 141 142 return WinHttpOpenRequest(hConnect, verb, objectName, NULL, NULL, NULL, flags); 143 144 #else 145 if (scheme == INTERNET_SCHEME_HTTPS) {
146 flags |= INTERNET_FLAG_SECURE; 147 } 148 149 return HttpOpenRequest(hConnect, verb, objectName, NULL, NULL, NULL, flags, 0); 150 #endif 151 } 152 153 BOOL AddRequestHeaders(HINTERNET hRequest, LPCWSTR header) 154 {
155 SIZE_T len = lstrlenW(header); 156 #ifdef USE_WINHTTP 157 return WinHttpAddRequestHeaders(hRequest, header, DWORD(len), WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD); 158 #else 159 return HttpAddRequestHeaders(hRequest, header, DWORD(len), HTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD); 160 #endif 161 } 162 163 BOOL SendRequest(HINTERNET hRequest, const void * body, DWORD size) 164 {
165 #ifdef USE_WINHTTP 166 return WinHttpSendRequest(hRequest, 0, 0, const_cast<void *>(body), size, size, 0); 167 #else 168 return HttpSendRequest(hRequest, 0, 0, const_cast<void *>(body), size); 169 #endif 170 } 171 172 BOOL EndRequest(HINTERNET hRequest) 173 {
174 #ifdef USE_WINHTTP 175 return WinHttpReceiveResponse(hRequest, 0); 176 #else 177 // if you use HttpSendRequestEx to send request then use HttpEndRequest in here! 178 return TRUE; 179 #endif 180 } 181 182 BOOL QueryInfo(HINTERNET hRequest, int queryId, char * szBuf, DWORD * pdwSize) 183 {
184 #ifdef USE_WINHTTP 185 return WinHttpQueryHeaders(hRequest, (DWORD) queryId, 0, szBuf, pdwSize, 0); 186 #else 187 return HttpQueryInfo(hRequest, queryId, szBuf, pdwSize, 0); 188 #endif 189 } 190 191 BOOL ReadData(HINTERNET hRequest, void * buffer, DWORD length, DWORD * cbRead) 192 {
193 #ifdef USE_WINHTTP 194 return WinHttpReadData(hRequest, buffer, length, cbRead); 195 #else 196 return InternetReadFile(hRequest, buffer, length, cbRead); 197 #endif 198 } 199 200 void CloseInternetHandle(HINTERNET hInternet) 201 {
202 if (hInternet) 203 {
204 #ifdef USE_WINHTTP 205 WinHttpCloseHandle(hInternet); 206 #else 207 InternetCloseHandle(hInternet); 208 #endif 209 } 210 } 211 212 int _tmain( int argc, _TCHAR * argv[]) 213 {
214 HINTERNET hSession = 0; 215 HINTERNET hConnect = 0; 216 HINTERNET hRequest = 0; 217 CStringW strHeader(L”Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n”); 218 219 // Test data 220 CrackedUrl crackedUrl(L”http://www.easy-creator.net/test2/add.asp”); 221 CStringA strPostData(“value1=10&value2=14”); 222 223 // Open session. 224 hSession = OpenSession(L”HttpPost by l_zhaohui@163.com”); 225 if (hSession == NULL) {
226 printf(“Error:Open session!\n”); 227 return -1; 228 } 229 230 // Connect. 231 hConnect = Connect(hSession, crackedUrl.GetHostName(), crackedUrl.GetPort()); 232 if (hConnect == NULL) {
233 printf(“Error:Connect failed!\n”); 234 return -1; 235 } 236 237 // Open request. 238 hRequest = OpenRequest(hConnect, L”POST”, crackedUrl.GetPath(), crackedUrl.GetScheme()); 239 if (hRequest == NULL) {
240 printf(“Error:OpenRequest failed!\n”); 241 return -1; 242 } 243 244 // Add request header. 245 if (!AddRequestHeaders(hRequest, strHeader)) {
246 printf(“Error:AddRequestHeaders failed!\n”); 247 return -1; 248 } 249 250 // Send post data. 251 if (!SendRequest(hRequest, (const char *)strPostData, strPostData.GetLength())) {
252 printf(“Error:SendRequest failed!\n”); 253 return -1; 254 } 255 256 // End request 257 if (!EndRequest(hRequest)) {
258 printf(“Error:EndRequest failed!\n”); 259 return -1; 260 } 261 262 char szBuf[BUF_SIZE]; 263 DWORD dwSize = 0; 264 szBuf[0] = 0; 265 266 // Query header info. 267 #ifdef USE_WINHTTP 268 int contextLengthId = WINHTTP_QUERY_CONTENT_LENGTH; 269 int statusCodeId = WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE; 270 int statusTextId = WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_TEXT; 271 #else 272 int contextLengthId = HTTP_QUERY_CONTENT_LENGTH; 273 int statusCodeId = HTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE; 274 int statusTextId = HTTP_QUERY_STATUS_TEXT; 275 #endif 276 dwSize = BUF_SIZE; 277 if (QueryInfo(hRequest, contextLengthId, szBuf, &dwSize)) {
278 szBuf[dwSize] = 0; 279 printf(“Content length:[%s]\n”, szBuf); 280 } 281 282 dwSize = BUF_SIZE; 283 if (QueryInfo(hRequest, statusCodeId, szBuf, &dwSize)) {
284 szBuf[dwSize] = 0; 285 printf(“Status code:[%s]\n”, szBuf); 286 } 287 288 dwSize = BUF_SIZE; 289 if (QueryInfo(hRequest, statusTextId, szBuf, &dwSize)) {
290 szBuf[dwSize] = 0; 291 printf(“Status text:[%s]\n”, szBuf); 292 } 293 294 // read data. 295 for (;;) {
296 dwSize = BUF_SIZE; 297 if (ReadData(hRequest, szBuf, dwSize, &dwSize) == FALSE) {
298 break ; 299 } 300 301 if (dwSize <= 0) {
302 break ; 303 } 304 305 szBuf[dwSize] = 0; 306 printf(“%s\n”, szBuf); // Output value = value1 + value2 307 } 308 309 CloseInternetHandle(hRequest); 310 CloseInternetHandle(hConnect); 311 CloseInternetHandle(hSession); 312 313 return 0; 314 } 315
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一.使用HttpSendRequestEx后,如需使用HttpQueryInfo,需先用HttpEndRequest结束Request
hHttpFile=HttpOpenRequest(hConnect,"POST","/avlab/index.php",NULL,NULL,0, INTERNET_FLAG_DONT_CACHE|INTERNET_FLAG_NO_COOKIES|INTERNET_FLAG_KEEP_CONNECTION |INTERNET_FLAG_RELOAD,0); HttpAddRequestHeaders(hHttpFile,szCookie,-1,HTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD); HttpAddRequestHeaders(hHttpFile,"Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded",-1,HTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD); HttpSendRequestEx(hHttpFile,&struInterIn,NULL,NULL,NULL); HttpEndRequest(hHttpFile,NULL,NULL,NULL); nLength=512;//这一句很重要,,因为HttpQueryInfo返回的时候,会改变此值 HttpQueryInfo(hHttpFile,HTTP_QUERY_SET_COOKIE,szBuffer,(unsigned long *)&nLength,NULL);
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