AMS启动流程:AMS、ATMS、SystemServer、SystemServvice、SystemServiceManger、ServiceManager?

AMS启动流程:AMS、ATMS、SystemServer、SystemServvice、SystemServiceManger、ServiceManager?从 Android10 的代码变更看 谷歌最终的目的是把 activity 和 window 融合 目前发布的版本虽然做了大量的代码变更 但和 P 之前的版本的流程变化不大 目前只是简单的把代码整理到一起了

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一 AMS是什么,和ATMS什么关系?

1.1 AMS是什么?

ActivityManagerService 是 Android 系统中一个特别重要的系统服务,也是我们上层 APP 打交道最多的系统服务之一。ActivityManagerService(以下简称AMS) 主要负责四大组件的启动、切换、调度以及应用进程的管理和调度工作。

  • 从 java 角度来看,AMS 就是一个 java 对象,实现了 Ibinder 接口,所以它是一个用于进程之间通信的接口,这个对象初始化是在 SystemServer.java 的 run() 方法里面;
  • 从名字就可以看出,ActivityManagerService它是一个服务,用来管理 Activity,而且是一个系统服务,就是包管理服务,电池管理服务,震动管理服务等;
  • AMS 实现了 Ibinder 接口,所以它是一个 Binder,这意味着他不但可以用于进程间通信,还是一个线程,因为一个 Binder 就是一个线程;
  • 从系统运行的角度看,AMS可以分为Client端和Service端:
                 Client端运行在各个app进程,app进程实现了具体的 Activity,Service等,告诉系统我有那些Activity,Service等,并且调用系统接口来完成显示;
                 Service端运行在 SystemServer进程,是系统级别的ActivityManagerService的具体实现,其响应Client端的系统调用请求,并且管理 Client端各个app进程的生命周期。

1.2 AMS基本类图

AMS启动流程:AMS、ATMS、SystemServer、SystemServvice、SystemServiceManger、ServiceManager?

App与ActivityManagerService之间是通过Binder通信的,具体涉及到的类调用关系通过几张图片总结如下。

1.2.1 APP如何调用AMS方法

例如:

ActivityManager activityManger = (ActivityManager) getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE); List<ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo> runningAppProcesses = activityManger.getRunningAppProcesses(); 

AMS启动流程:AMS、ATMS、SystemServer、SystemServvice、SystemServiceManger、ServiceManager?

 1.2.2 AMS如何调用App方法

AMS启动流程:AMS、ATMS、SystemServer、SystemServvice、SystemServiceManger、ServiceManager?

1.2.3  APP与AMS通信框架

AMS启动流程:AMS、ATMS、SystemServer、SystemServvice、SystemServiceManger、ServiceManager?

1.3 AMS内部主要数据结构类图 

AMS启动流程:AMS、ATMS、SystemServer、SystemServvice、SystemServiceManger、ServiceManager?

1.4 AMS与ATMS关系

从 Android10 的代码变更看,谷歌最终的目的是把 activity 和 window 融合,目前发布的版本虽然做了大量的代码变更,但和 P 之前的版本的流程变化不大,目前只是简单的把代码整理到一起了,还属于中间状态,按 android 文档介绍,完全融合在 M 甚至更靠后的版本才能完成。目前已完成的工作:

  • 把 AMS 下面只和 activity 管理相关的代码移到 WMS 的目录下,actvityStack、activityRecord 等文件,全部移到 WMS 目录下,和 window 统一管理.
  • AMS 中部分文件拆分,把原来 activity 和其他组件融合在一起处理的文件进行拆分,activity 相关部分单独拆分,移到 WMS 中统一管理。比如 ActivityManagerService.java 拆分成了 ActivityManagerService.java 和 ActivityTaskManagerService.java 两个文件,activity 的启动由ActivityTaskManagerService.java 负责。
  • 因为 Activity 和 window 的管理统一由 WMS 完成,不再需要之前DispayWindowController、stackWindowController 来居中协调,可以把 display、stack、task 等统一管理。最终要做到完全融合,以 stack 为例,完成后会把 taskstack 的功能完全融合进 activityStack,目前只做到了在 activityStack 中包含 taskstack。创建、管理流程也随之发生变化。

 1.5 AMS与ServiceManager什么关系?

ServiceManager其实就是用来获取AMS、PMS等服务的Binder对象,然后就可以通过AMS等服务的IBinder对象与对应的AMS进行跨进程通信。AMS等服务在启动的时候就会把其IBinder对象注册到ServiceManager中(见4.6,ATMS把IBinder注册到ServiceManager见4.4.1),然后客户端找到ServiceManager,然后通过ServiceManager找到AMS的IBinder返回给客户端,然后客户端就可以通过该AMS的IBinder与AMS进行跨进程通信。

ServiceManager是什么?

AMS启动流程:AMS、ATMS、SystemServer、SystemServvice、SystemServiceManger、ServiceManager?

AMS把注册服务到ServiceManager:

AMS启动流程:AMS、ATMS、SystemServer、SystemServvice、SystemServiceManger、ServiceManager?

客户端通过ServiceManager获取AMS服务:

AMS启动流程:AMS、ATMS、SystemServer、SystemServvice、SystemServiceManger、ServiceManager?

二 假如让你设计多种服务管理,架构怎么设计?

首先定义抽象服务类

public abstract class SystemService { public abstract void onStart(); } 

定义具体服务类比如PowerManagerService

public class PowerManagerService extends SystemService{ private Context mContext; public PowerManagerService(Context mContext) { this.mContext = mContext; } @Override public void onStart() { Log.w("chric", "PowerManagerService start"); } } 

 定义具体服务类ActivityManagerService ActivityTaskManagerService但是AMS和ATMS都已经继承IActivityTaskManager.Stub和 IActivityManger.Stub了,java不能多继承,如何实现呢?

采用静态内部类:

public class ActivityManagerService extends IActivityManger.Stub{ public ActivityManagerService(Context context) { } private void start() { Log.w("chric", "ActivityManagerService start"); } public static final class Lifecycle extends SystemService { private final ActivityManagerService mService; public Lifecycle(Context context) { mService = new ActivityManagerService(context); } @Override public void onStart() { mService.start(); } public ActivityManagerService getService() { return mService; } } } 
public class ActivityTaskManagerService extends IActivityTaskManager.Stub{ public ActivityTaskManagerService(Context context) { } private void start() { Log.w("chric", "ActivityTaskManagerService start"); } public static final class Lifecycle extends SystemService { private final ActivityTaskManagerService mService; public Lifecycle(Context context) { mService = new ActivityTaskManagerService(context); } @Override public void onStart() { mService.start(); } public ActivityTaskManagerService getService() { return mService; } } }

定义系统服务管理类SystemServiceManager

public class SystemServiceManager { private Context mContext; private final ArrayList<SystemService> mServices = new ArrayList<SystemService>(); SystemServiceManager(Context context) { mContext = context; } public <T extends SystemService> T startService(Class<T> serviceClass) { final String name = serviceClass.getName(); final T service; try { Constructor<T> constructor = serviceClass.getConstructor(Context.class); service = constructor.newInstance(mContext); } catch (InstantiationException ex) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name + ": service could not be instantiated", ex); } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name + ": service must have a public constructor with a Context argument", ex); } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name + ": service must have a public constructor with a Context argument", ex); } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name + ": service constructor threw an exception", ex); } startService(service); return service; } public void startService(final SystemService service) { mServices.add(service); service.onStart(); } }

定义服务启动类SystemServer

public class SystemServer { private SystemServiceManager mSystemServiceManager; private Context mSystemContext; public SystemServer(Context context) { mSystemContext = context; } public void run() { mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext); startBootstrapServices(); } private void startBootstrapServices() { ActivityTaskManagerService atm = mSystemServiceManager.startService( ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService(); ActivityManagerService ams = mSystemServiceManager.startService( ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService(); PowerManagerService powerManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService( PowerManagerService.class); } }

run一下试试,日志如下:

2024-05-09 23:23:21.750 8691-8691/com.example.sourcecode W/chric: ActivityTaskManagerService start 2024-05-09 23:23:21.750 8691-8691/com.example.sourcecode W/chric: ActivityManagerService start 2024-05-09 23:23:21.751 8691-8691/com.example.sourcecode W/chric: PowerManagerService start

这样我们学习到了,抽象类、静态内部类、反射、泛型,这样我们不断学习源码将这些知识运用到我们自己的项目中,才是真正的掌握。

三 AMS启动时序概览

AMS 启动主要分为以下4个阶段:

阶段1:SystemSerer 进程创建 Android 运行环境。AMS 运行在 SystemServer 进程中,它的许多工作依赖于该运行环境

createSystemContext() -> new ActvityThread()->attach ->getSystemContext ->createSystemContext

阶段2:启动 AMS,主要进行一些初始化工作

new ActivityManagerService() start() 

阶段3:将 SystemServer 进程纳入到 AMS 的进程管理体系中

//将framework-res.apk的信息加入到SystemServer进程的LoadedApk中 //构建SystemServer进程的ProcessRecord,保存到AMS中,以便AMS进程统一管理 setSystemProcess() installSystemProviders() //安装SystemServer进程中的SettingsProvider.apk 

阶段4:AMS 启动完成,通知服务或应用完成后续的工作,或直接启动一些进程AMS.systemReady() 许多服务或应用进程必须等待 AMS 完成启动工作后,才能启动或进行一些后续工作;AMS 就是在 systemReady 中,通知或者启动这些等待的服务和应用进程,例如启动桌面等。

ActivityManagerService时序图如下

AMS启动流程:AMS、ATMS、SystemServer、SystemServvice、SystemServiceManger、ServiceManager?

四 AMS启动详细流程

4.1 SystemServer.run

frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java

public static void main(String[] args) { new SystemServer().run(); } private void run() { ........ createSystemContext();//初始化 System Context //初始化SystemServiceManager,用来管理后面的服务 mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext); mSystemServiceManager.setStartInfo(mRuntimeRestart, mRuntimeStartElapsedTime, mRuntimeStartUptime); LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager); ........ startBootstrapServices(); //启动引导服务(相互依赖关系复杂的服务) startCoreServices(); //启动核心服务(相互独立的基本服务) startOtherServices(); //启动其他服务 ........ } 
4.1.1 SystemServer.startBootstrapServices
private void startBootstrapServices() { ........ //启动ActivityTaskManagerService服务,简称ATM atm = mSystemServiceManager.startService( ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService(); //启动ActivityManagerService,简称AMS mActivityManagerService = ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.startService( mSystemServiceManager, atm); //设置AMS服务的系统服务管理器 mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager); mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);//设置AMS的App安装器 mActivityManagerService.initPowerManagement();//初始化PWS //设置系统进程的应用程序实例 mActivityManagerService.setSystemProcess(); ........ } 

启动引导服务,在其中启动了 ATM 和 AMS 服务,其中的 ATM 是 Android10 新引入的功能,用来管理 Activity 的启动、调度等功能.并且通过 AMS 安装 Installer、初始化 Power,设置系统进程等。

4.1.2 SystemServer.startOtherServices
private void startOtherServices() { ........ //安装SettingsProvider.apk mActivityManagerService.installSystemProviders(); //创建并设置WMS和IMS inputManager = new InputManagerService(context); wm = WindowManagerService.main(context, inputManager, !mFirstBoot, mOnlyCore, new PhoneWindowManager(), mActivityManagerService.mActivityTaskManager); ServiceManager.addService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE, wm, /* allowIsolated= */ false, DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL | DUMP_FLAG_PROTO); ServiceManager.addService(Context.INPUT_SERVICE, inputManager, /* allowIsolated= */ false, DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL); mActivityManagerService.setWindowManager(wm); //AMS启动完成,完成后续的工作,例如启动桌面等 mActivityManagerService.systemReady(() -> { ........ }, BOOT_TIMINGS_TRACE_LOG); ........ } 

启动其他服务,AMS 启动后,完成后续桌面启动,SystemUI 启动等操作.

4.2 SystemServer.createSystemContext

private void createSystemContext() { ActivityThread activityThread = ActivityThread.systemMain(); mSystemContext = activityThread.getSystemContext(); mSystemContext.setTheme(DEFAULT_SYSTEM_THEME); final Context systemUiContext = activityThread.getSystemUiContext(); systemUiContext.setTheme(DEFAULT_SYSTEM_THEME); } public static ActivityThread systemMain() { if (!ActivityManager.isHighEndGfx()) { ThreadedRenderer.disable(true); } else { ThreadedRenderer.enableForegroundTrimming(); } ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread(); thread.attach(true, 0); return thread; } 

在 SystemServer 的 run 函数中,在启动 AMS 之前,调用了 createSystemContext 函数,主要用来初始化 System Context 和 SystemUI Context,并设置主题.当调用 createSystemContext() 完毕后,主要完成以下两个工作:

  • 得到了一个 ActivityThread 对象,它代表当前进程 (此时为系统进程) 的主线程;
  • 得到了一个 Context 对象,对于 SystemServer 而言,它包含的 Application 运行环境与 framework-res.apk 有关 
4.2.1 ActivityThread对象创建
public final class ActivityThread extends ClientTransactionHandler { ........ //定义了AMS与应用通信的接口,拿到ApplicationThread的对象 final ApplicationThread mAppThread = new ApplicationThread(); //拥有自己的looper,说明ActivityThread确实可以代表事件处理线程 final Looper mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); //H继承Handler,ActivityThread中大量事件处理依赖此Handler final H mH = new H(); //用于保存该进程的ActivityRecord final ArrayMap<IBinder, ActivityClientRecord> mActivities = new ArrayMap<>(); //用于保存进程中的Service final ArrayMap<IBinder, Service> mServices = new ArrayMap<>(); //用于保存进程中的Application final ArrayList<Application> mAllApplications = new ArrayList<Application>(); //构造函数 @UnsupportedAppUsage ActivityThread() { mResourcesManager = ResourcesManager.getInstance(); } } 

ActivityThread 是 Android Framework 中一个非常重要的类,它代表一个应用进程的主线程,其职责就是调度及执行在该线程中运行的四大组件。 注意此处的 ActivityThread 创建于 SystemServer 进程中。 由于 SystemServer 中也运行着一些系统 APK,例如 framework-res.apk、SettingsProvider.apk 等,因此也可以认为 SystemServer 是一个特殊的应用进程。

AMS 负责管理和调度进程,因此 AMS 需要通过 Binder 机制和应用进程通信.为此,Android 提供了一个 IApplicationThread 接口,该接口定义了 AMS 和应用进程之间的交互函数。ActivityThread 的构造函数比较简单,获取 ResourcesManager 的单例对象,需要重点关注的是它的成员变量.

4.2.2 ActivityThread.attach
private void attach(boolean system, long startSeq) { mSystemThread = system; if (!system) { //应用进程的处理流程 ........ } else {//传入的system为true //系统进程的处理流程,该情况只在SystemServer中处理 //创建ActivityThread中的重要成员:Instrumentation、 Application 和 Context mInstrumentation = new Instrumentation(); mInstrumentation.basicInit(this); //创建系统的Context ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext( this, getSystemContext().mPackageInfo); //调用LoadedApk的makeApplication函数 mInitialApplication = context.mPackageInfo.makeApplication(true, null); mInitialApplication.onCreate(); } } 

对于系统进程而言,ActivityThread 的 attach 函数最重要的工作就是创建了 Instrumentation、Application 和 Context.

Instrumentation 是 Android 中的一个工具类,当该类被启用时,它将优先于应用中其它的类被初始化。 此时,系统先创建它,再通过它创建其它组件。

mInstrumentation = new Instrumentation(); mInstrumentation.basicInit(this); 

Context 是 Android 中的一个抽象类,用于维护应用运行环境的全局信息。通过 Context 可以访问应用的资源和类,甚至进行系统级的操作,例如启动 Activity、发送广播等。ActivityThread 的 attach 函数中,通过下面的代码创建出系统应用对应的 Context:

ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext( this, getSystemContext().mPackageInfo); 

Application 是用于保存应用的全局状态。在 ActivityThread 中,针对系统进程,通过下面的代码创建初始的 Application:

mInitialApplication = context.mPackageInfo.makeApplication(true, null); mInitialApplication.onCreate(); 
4.2.3 ContextImpl.getSystemContext
public ContextImpl getSystemContext() { synchronized (this) { if (mSystemContext == null) { //调用ContextImpl的静态函数createSystemContext mSystemContext = ContextImpl.createSystemContext(this); } return mSystemContext; } } 

createSystemContext 的内容就是创建一个 LoadedApk,然后初始化一个 ContextImpl 对象。 注意在 createSystemContext 函数中,创建的 LoadApk 对应 packageName 为 ”android”,也就是 framwork-res.apk.由于该 APK 仅供 SystemServer 进程使用,因此创建的 Context 被定义为 System Context。 现在该 LoadedApk 还没有得到 framwork-res.apk 实际的信息。当 PKMS 启动,完成对应的解析后,AMS 将重新设置这个 LoadedApk。

static ContextImpl createSystemContext(ActivityThread mainThread) { //创建LoadedApk类,代表一个加载到系统中的APK //注意此时的LoadedApk只是一个空壳 //PKMS还没有启动,无法得到有效的ApplicationInfo LoadedApk packageInfo = new LoadedApk(mainThread); //拿到ContextImpl 的对象 ContextImpl context = new ContextImpl(null, mainThread, packageInfo, null, null, null, 0, null, null); context.setResources(packageInfo.getResources());//初始化资源信息 context.mResources.updateConfiguration( context.mResourcesManager.getConfiguration(), context.mResourcesManager.getDisplayMetrics()); return context; } 

4.3 SystemServiceManager创建

private void run() { ........ //创建SystemServiceManager对象 mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext); mSystemServiceManager.setStartInfo(mRuntimeRestart, mRuntimeStartElapsedTime, mRuntimeStartUptime); LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager); ........ } 

通过 SystemServiceManager 的构造方法创建一个 SystemServiceManager 对象,并将该对象添加到 LocalServices 中

4.3.1 SystemServiceManager
public class SystemServiceManager { ........ private final Context mContext; private final ArrayList<SystemService> mServices = new ArrayList<SystemService>(); ........ SystemServiceManager(Context context) { mContext = context; } public SystemService startService(String className) { final Class<SystemService> serviceClass; try { //通过反射根据类名,拿到类对象 serviceClass = (Class<SystemService>)Class.forName(className); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { Slog.i(TAG, "Starting " + className); ........ } return startService(serviceClass); } public <T extends SystemService> T startService(Class<T> serviceClass) { try { final String name = serviceClass.getName(); // Create the service. final T service; ........ service = constructor.newInstance(mContext); ........ startService(service); return service; } finally { Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER); } } public void startService(@NonNull final SystemService service) { mServices.add(service);// Register it. long time = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();// Start it. try { service.onStart(); //调用各个服务中的onStart()方法完成服务启动 } catch (RuntimeException ex) { ........ } } } 

SystemServiceManager 主要用于管理 SystemService 的创建、启动等生命周期,SystemService 类是一个抽象类,在 SystemServiceManager 中都是通过反射创建 SystemService 对象的,然后在 startService 方法中,会将 SystemService 添加到 mServices 中,并调用 onStart() 方法.SystemServiceManager 构造函数没有多少内容,主要是把传进来的 system Context 赋值给 mContext,供后续服务创建使用.

4.3.2 LocalServices.addService
public final class LocalServices { private LocalServices() {} private static final ArrayMap<Class<?>, Object> sLocalServiceObjects = new ArrayMap<Class<?>, Object>(); //返回实现指定接口的本地服务实例对象 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static <T> T getService(Class<T> type) { synchronized (sLocalServiceObjects) { return (T) sLocalServiceObjects.get(type); } } //将指定接口的服务实例添加到本地服务的全局注册表中 public static <T> void addService(Class<T> type, T service) { synchronized (sLocalServiceObjects) { if (sLocalServiceObjects.containsKey(type)) { throw new IllegalStateException("Overriding service registration"); } sLocalServiceObjects.put(type, service); } } //删除服务实例,只能在测试中使用。 public static <T> void removeServiceForTest(Class<T> type) { synchronized (sLocalServiceObjects) { sLocalServiceObjects.remove(type); } } } 

把 SystemServiceManager 对象加入到本地服务的全局注册表中

4.4 ActivityTaskManagerService启动

private void startBootstrapServices() { ........ atm = mSystemServiceManager.startService( ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService(); ........ } 

ActivityTaskManagerService 简称 ATM,Android10 中引入的新功能,用来管理 Activity 的启动、调度等.

4.4.1 ATM服务启动过程
public static final class Lifecycle extends SystemService { private final ActivityTaskManagerService mService; public Lifecycle(Context context) { super(context); //创建ActivityTaskManagerService,得到对象 mService = new ActivityTaskManagerService(context); } @Override public void onStart() { publishBinderService(Context.ACTIVITY_TASK_SERVICE, mService); //启动ATM服务 mService.start(); } ........ public ActivityTaskManagerService getService() { return mService; } } 

我们知道 SystemServiceManager.startService 最终调用的是启动对象中的 onStart 方法,因此 ATM 启动,最终会调用 ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle.onStart() 来启动 ATM 服务.

onStart中调用父类SystemService的publishBinderService(Context.ACTIVITY_TASK_SERVICE, mService)把ATMS的IBinder注册到serviceManager中 ServiceManager.addService(name, service, allowIsolated, dumpPriority);

4.4.2 ActivityTaskManagerService 对象创建
public class ActivityTaskManagerService extends IActivityTaskManager.Stub { final Context mUiContext; final ActivityThread mSystemThread; final ActivityTaskManagerInternal mInternal; //ActivityStackSupervisor 是ATM中用来管理Activity启动和调度的核心类 public ActivityStackSupervisor mStackSupervisor; //Activity 容器的根节点 RootActivityContainer mRootActivityContainer; //WMS 负责窗口的管理 WindowManagerService mWindowManager; //这是我们目前认为是"Home" Activity的过程 WindowProcessController mHomeProcess; public ActivityTaskManagerService(Context context) { //拿到System Context mContext = context; mFactoryTest = FactoryTest.getMode(); //取出的是ActivityThread的静态变量sCurrentActivityThread //这意味着mSystemThread与SystemServer中的ActivityThread一致 mSystemThread = ActivityThread.currentActivityThread(); //拿到System UI Context mUiContext = mSystemThread.getSystemUiContext(); mLifecycleManager = new ClientLifecycleManager(); //拿到LocalService的对象 mInternal = new LocalService(); GL_ES_VERSION = SystemProperties.getInt("ro.opengles.version", GL_ES_VERSION_UNDEFINED); } } 

Android10 把原先在 AMS 中的 Activity 的管理移到了 ATM 中,从 Android10 的代码路徑可以看出,管理 Activity 的 ATM 被放入到的 wm 路徑中,这个路径原先归 WindowManagerService -WMS 控制,谷歌的目的也是希望在将来把 activity 和 window 融合在一起,减少冗余代码以及 AMS 和 WMS 的协调工作.
ATM的路徑为:frameworks\base\services\core\java\com\android\server\wm
AMS的路徑为:frameworks\base\services\core\java\com\android\server\am

4.4.2 ActivityTaskManagerService start
private void start() { LocalServices.addService(ActivityTaskManagerInternal.class, mInternal); } 

将 ActivityTaskManagerInternal 添加到本地服务的全局注册表中,ActivityTaskManagerInternal 为抽象类

4.5 ActivityManagerService 启动

private void startBootstrapServices() { ........ //启动AMS mActivityManagerService = ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.startService(mSystemServiceManager, atm); ........ } 

ActivityManagerService 简称 AMS,在 Android10 的版本中,Activity 的管理和调度移到 ATM 中,AMS 负责 service,broadcast,provider 的管理和调度

4.5.1 AMS服务启动过程
public static final class Lifecycle extends SystemService { private final ActivityManagerService mService; private static ActivityTaskManagerService sAtm; public Lifecycle(Context context) { super(context); //创建ActivityManagerService,得到对象,传入ATM的对象 mService = new ActivityManagerService(context, sAtm); } @Override public void onStart() { mService.start(); } ........ public ActivityManagerService getService() { return mService; } } 

我们知道 SystemServiceManager.startService 最终调用的是启动对象中的 onStart 方法,因此 AMS 服务启动,最终会调用ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.onStart() 来启动 AMS 服务

4.5.2 AMS对象创建
public class ActivityManagerService extends IActivityManager.Stub implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback { public ActivityManagerService(Context systemContext, ActivityTaskManagerService atm) { ........ //AMS的运行上下文与SystemServer一致 mContext = systemContext; ... //取出的是ActivityThread的静态变量sCurrentActivityThread //这意味着mSystemThread与SystemServer中的ActivityThread一致 mSystemThread = ActivityThread.currentActivityThread(); mUiContext = mSystemThread.getSystemUiContext(); //创建并启动名称为"ActivityManager"的线程 mHandlerThread = new ServiceThread(TAG, THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND, false /*allowIo*/); mHandlerThread.start(); //处理AMS中消息的主力 mHandler = new MainHandler(mHandlerThread.getLooper()); //通过UiThread,创建名称为"android.ui"的线程,用于显示UI mUiHandler = mInjector.getUiHandler(this); // 创建并启动名称为"ActivityManager:procStart"的线程 mProcStartHandlerThread = new ServiceThread(TAG + ":procStart", THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND, false /* allowIo */); mProcStartHandlerThread.start(); mProcStartHandler = new Handler(mProcStartHandlerThread.getLooper()); ........ //创建 BroadcastQueue 前台广播对象,处理超时时长是 10s mFgBroadcastQueue = new BroadcastQueue(this, mHandler, "foreground", foreConstants, false); //创建 BroadcastQueue 后台广播对象,处理超时时长是 60s mBgBroadcastQueue = new BroadcastQueue(this, mHandler, "background", backConstants, true); //创建 BroadcastQueue 离线广播对象,处理超时时长是 60s mOffloadBroadcastQueue = new BroadcastQueue(this, mHandler, "offload", offloadConstants, true); mBroadcastQueues[0] = mFgBroadcastQueue; mBroadcastQueues[1] = mBgBroadcastQueue; mBroadcastQueues[2] = mOffloadBroadcastQueue; //启动ActiveServices, 设置后台最大服务启动数mMaxStartingBackground. //低内存时为1, 非低内存时为8 mServices = new ActiveServices(this); // 创建 ProviderMap 对象,用于管理 ContentProviderRecord 对象 mProviderMap = new ProviderMap(this); // 创建电池统计服务BatteryStatsService mBatteryStatsService = new BatteryStatsService(systemContext, systemDir, BackgroundThread.get().getHandler()); mBatteryStatsService.getActiveStatistics().readLocked(); mBatteryStatsService.scheduleWriteToDisk(); mBatteryStatsService.getActiveStatistics().setCallback(this); // 创建进程统计服务ProcessStatsService, 信息保存在目录/data/system/procstats mProcessStats = new ProcessStatsService(this, new File(systemDir, "procstats")); //初始化ATM mActivityTaskManager = atm; mActivityTaskManager.initialize(mIntentFirewall, mPendingIntentController, DisplayThread.get().getLooper()); //得到ATM的服务信息 mAtmInternal = LocalServices.getService(vityTaskManagerInternal.class);      // 创建名称为"CpuTracker"的线程    mProcessCpuThread = new Thread("CpuTracker") {      @Override      public void run() {      synchronized (mProcessCpuTracker) {      mProcessCpuInitLatch.countDown();      mProcessCpuTracker.init();      }      while (true) {     synchronized(this) {    final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();    long nextCpuDelay = (mLastCpuTime.get()+MONITOR_CPU_MAX_TIME)-now; long nextWriteDelay = (mLastWriteTime+BATTERY_STATS_TIME)-now; if (nextWriteDelay < nextCpuDelay) { nextCpuDelay = nextWriteDelay; } if (nextCpuDelay > 0) { mProcessCpuMutexFree.set(true); this.wait(nextCpuDelay); } } // 更新CPU状态信息 updateCpuStatsNow(); } } }; //加入Watchdog的监控 Watchdog.getInstance().addMonitor(this); Watchdog.getInstance().addThread(mHandler); } } 

构造函数主要工作就是初始化一些变量,供之后的 service,broadcast,provider 的管理和调度

4.5.3 ActivityManagerService start
private void start() { removeAllProcessGroups();//移除所有进程组 mProcessCpuThread.start();//启动CPU监控线程 //启动电池状态统计服务 mBatteryStatsService.publish(); mAppOpsService.publish(mContext);//启动AppOpsService Slog.d("AppOps", "AppOpsService published"); LocalServices.addService(ActivityManagerInternal.class, new LocalService()); mActivityTaskManager.onActivityManagerInternalAdded(); mUgmInternal.onActivityManagerInternalAdded(); mPendingIntentController.onActivityManagerInternalAdded(); try { mProcessCpuInitLatch.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { Slog.wtf(TAG, "Interrupted wait during start", e); Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); throw new IllegalStateException("Interrupted wait during start"); } } 

start 中主要做了两件事

  • 启动 CPU 监控线程,在启动 CPU 监控线程之前,首先将进程复位
  • 启动电池状态服务和权限管理服务

4.6 SystemServer.setSystemProcess

private void startOtherServices() { //Set up the Application instance for the system process and get started. mActivityManagerService.setSystemProcess(); } 
public void setSystemProcess() { try { //注册一些服务到ServiceManager,包括 activity、procstats、meminfo等 ServiceManager.addService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE, this, /* allowIsolated= */ true, DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL | DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_NORMAL | DUMP_FLAG_PROTO); ServiceManager.addService(ProcessStats.SERVICE_NAME, mProcessStats); ServiceManager.addService("meminfo", new MemBinder(this), /* allowIsolated= */ false, DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_HIGH); ServiceManager.addService("gfxinfo", new GraphicsBinder(this)); ServiceManager.addService("dbinfo", new DbBinder(this)); if (MONITOR_CPU_USAGE) { ServiceManager.addService("cpuinfo", new CpuBinder(this), /* allowIsolated= */ false, DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL); } ServiceManager.addService("permission", new PermissionController(this)); ServiceManager.addService("processinfo", new ProcessInfoService(this)); //通过解析framework-res.apk里的AndroidManifest.xml获得ApplicationInfo ApplicationInfo info = mContext.getPackageManager().getApplicationInfo( "android", STOCK_PM_FLAGS | MATCH_SYSTEM_ONLY); //为ActivityThread安装system application相关信息,将framework-res.apk //对应的ApplicationInfo安装到LoadedApk中的mApplicationInfo mSystemThread.installSystemApplicationInfo(info, getClass().getClassLoader()); //为systemserver进程创建ProcessRecord来维护进程的相关信息 synchronized (this) { ProcessRecord app = mProcessList.newProcessRecordLocked(info, info.processName, false, 0, new HostingRecord("system")); app.setPersistent(true); //设置进程常驻 app.pid = MY_PID; //为ProcessRecord赋值当前进程ID,即system_server进程ID app.getWindowProcessController().setPid(MY_PID); app.maxAdj = ProcessList.SYSTEM_ADJ; app.makeActive(mSystemThread.getApplicationThread(), mProcessStats); mPidsSelfLocked.put(app); //将ProcessRecord放到mPidSelfLocked里统一管理 mProcessList.updateLruProcessLocked(app, false, null);//更新lru进程列表 updateOomAdjLocked(OomAdjuster.OOM_ADJ_REASON_NONE);//更新adj } } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) { throw new RuntimeException( "Unable to find android system package", e); } // Start watching app ops after we and the package manager are up and running. mAppOpsService.startWatchingMode(AppOpsManager.OP_RUN_IN_BACKGROUND, null, new IAppOpsCallback.Stub() { @Override public void opChanged(int op, int uid, String packageName) { if (op == AppOpsManager.OP_RUN_IN_BACKGROUND && packageName != null) { if (mAppOpsService.checkOperation(op, uid, packageName) != AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED) { runInBackgroundDisabled(uid); } } } }); } 
AMS把自己的IBinder公布到ServiceManager中 ServiceManager.addService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE, this, /* allowIsolated= */ true, DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL | DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_NORMAL | DUMP_FLAG_PROTO) 

AMS 的 setSystemProcess 主要有以下五个功能:

  • 注册一些服务:包括 activity、procstats、meminfo、gfxinfo、dbinfo、permission、processinfo
  • 获取 package 名为 “android” 的应用的 ApplicationInfo
  • 为 ActivityThread 安装 system application 相关信息,将 framework-res.apk 对应的 ApplicationInfo 安装到 LoadedApk 中的 mApplicationInfo
  • 为 systemserver 主进程开辟一个 ProcessRecord 来维护进程的相关信息
  • AMS 进程管理相关的操作

4.7 ActivityManagerService.systemReady

 private void startOtherServices() { mActivityManagerService.systemReady(() -> {xxxxxgoingCallbackxxx, BOOT_TIMINGS_TRACE_LOG); } public void systemReady(final Runnable goingCallback, TimingsTraceLog traceLog) { 阶段1:关键服务的初始化 阶段2:goingCallback处理 阶段3:启动Home Activity,完成AMS启动 } 

AMS 的 systemReady 处理主要分为三个阶段

  • 阶段1:主要是调用一些关键服务的初始化函数, 然后杀死那些没有 FLAG_PERSISTENT 却在 AMS 启动完成前已经存在的进程,同时获取一些配置参数。 需要注意的是,由于只有 Java 进程才会向 AMS 注册,而一般的 Native 进程不会向 AMS 注册,因此此处杀死的进程是 Java 进程。
  • 阶段2:执行 goingCallback 的处理,主要的工作就是通知一些服务可以进行 systemReady、systemRunning 相关的工作,并进行启动服务或应用进程的工作
  • 阶段3:启动 Home Activity,当启动结束,并发送 ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED 广播,AMS 的启动过程告一段落
4.7.1 systemReady阶段1
public void systemReady(final Runnable goingCallback, TimingsTraceLog traceLog) { synchronized(this) { //第一次进入mSystemReady为false,不走该流程 if (mSystemReady) { if (goingCallback != null) { goingCallback.run(); } return; } / PowerSaveMode_start */ Settings.System.putInt(mContext.getContentResolver(), ActivityTaskManagerService.SUPER_POWER_SAVE_MODE, ActivityTaskManagerService.SUPER_POWER_SAVE_MODE_NORMAL); / PowerSaveMode_end */ //这一部分主要是调用一些关键服务SystemReady相关的函数, //进行一些等待AMS初始完,才能进行的工作 mActivityTaskManager.onSystemReady(); mUserController.onSystemReady(); mAppOpsService.systemReady(); ........ mSystemReady = true; } try { sTheRealBuildSerial = IDeviceIdentifiersPolicyService.Stub.asInterface( ServiceManager.getService(Context.DEVICE_IDENTIFIERS_SERVICE)) .getSerial(); } catch (RemoteException e) {} //非persistent进程添加到procsToKill列表 ArrayList<ProcessRecord> procsToKill = null; synchronized(mPidsSelfLocked) { //mPidsSelfLocked中保存当前正在运行的所有进程的信息 for (int i=mPidsSelfLocked.size()-1; i>=0; i--) { ProcessRecord proc = mPidsSelfLocked.valueAt(i); //在AMS启动完成前,如果没有FLAG_PERSISTENT标志的进程已经启动了, //就将这个进程加入到procsToKill中 if (!isAllowedWhileBooting(proc.info)){ if (procsToKill == null) { procsToKill = new ArrayList<ProcessRecord>(); } procsToKill.add(proc); } } } //收集已经启动的进程并杀死,排除persistent常驻进程 synchronized(this) { //利用removeProcessLocked关闭procsToKill中的进程 if (procsToKill != null) { for (int i=procsToKill.size()-1; i>=0; i--) { ProcessRecord proc = procsToKill.get(i); Slog.i(TAG, "Removing system update proc: " + proc); mProcessList.removeProcessLocked(proc, true, false, "system update done"); } } //至此系统准备完毕 mProcessesReady = true; } ........ mUgmInternal.onSystemReady(); } 

主要是调用一些关键服务的初始化函数, 然后杀死那些没有 FLAG_PERSISTENT 却在 AMS 启动完成前已经存在的进程, 同时获取一些配置参数。 需要注意的是,由于只有 Java 进程才会向 AMS 注册,而一般的 Native 进程不会向 AMS 注册,因此此处杀死的进程是 Java 进程。

4.7.2 systemReady阶段2
public void systemReady(final Runnable goingCallback, TimingsTraceLog traceLog) { ........ //调用参数传入的runnable对象,SystemServer中有具体的定义 if (goingCallback != null) goingCallback.run(); ........ //调用所有系统服务的onStartUser接口 mSystemServiceManager.startUser(currentUserId); synchronized (this) { //启动persistent为1的application所在的进程 startPersistentApps(PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_AWARE); //设置启动中 mBooting = true; ........ } 

执行 goingCallback 的处理,主要的工作就是通知一些服务可以进行 systemReady 相关的工作,并进行启动服务或应用进程的工作.

4.7.2.1 goingCallback.run()
private void startOtherServices() { mActivityManagerService.systemReady(() -> { //阶段 550 mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase( SystemService.PHASE_ACTIVITY_MANAGER_READY); ........ //监控Native的crash mActivityManagerService.startObservingNativeCrashes(); , BOOT_TIMINGS_TRACE_LOG); ........ //启动WebView mWebViewUpdateService.prepareWebViewInSystemServer(); //启动systemUI,参考[4.7.2.3] startSystemUi(context, windowManagerF); // 执行一系列服务的systemReady方法 networkManagementF.systemReady(); ipSecServiceF.systemReady(); networkStatsF.systemReady(); connectivityF.systemReady(); networkPolicyF.systemReady(networkPolicyInitReadySignal); ........ //阶段 600 mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase( SystemService.PHASE_THIRD_PARTY_APPS_CAN_START); //执行一系列服务的systemRunning方法 locationF.systemRunning(); countryDetectorF.systemRunning(); networkTimeUpdaterF.systemRunning(); inputManagerF.systemRunning(); telephonyRegistryF.systemRunning(); mediaRouterF.systemRunning(); mmsServiceF.systemRunning(); ........ } 

监控 Native 的 crash,启动 WebView,执行一些服务的 systemReady 和 systemRunning 方法.

4.7.2.2 startPersistentApps()
void startPersistentApps(int matchFlags) { if (mFactoryTest == FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_LOW_LEVEL) return; synchronized (this) { try { //从PKMS中得到persistent为1的ApplicationInfo final List<ApplicationInfo> apps = AppGlobals.getPackageManager() .getPersistentApplications(STOCK_PM_FLAGS | matchFlags).getList(); for (ApplicationInfo app : apps) { //由于framework-res.apk已经由系统启动,所以此处不再启动它 if (!"android".equals(app.packageName)) { //addAppLocked中将启动application所在进程 addAppLocked(app, null, false, null /* ABI override */); } } } catch (RemoteException ex) { } } } 

启动 systemUI,服务名称 ”com.android.systemui/.SystemUIService”

4.7.3 systemReady阶段3
public void systemReady(final Runnable goingCallback, TimingsTraceLog traceLog) { ........ //通过ATM,启动Home Activity mAtmInternal.startHomeOnAllDisplays(currentUserId, "systemReady"); ........ //发送一些广播消息 try { //system发送广播 ACTION_USER_STARTED = "android.intent.action.USER_STARTED"; Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_USER_STARTED); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY | Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_FOREGROUND); intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER_HANDLE, currentUserId); broadcastIntentLocked(null, null, intent, null, null, 0, null, null, null, OP_NONE, null, false, false, MY_PID, SYSTEM_UID, callingUid, callingPid, currentUserId); //system发送广播 ACTION_USER_STARTING= "android.intent.action.USER_STARTING"; intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_USER_STARTING); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY); intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER_HANDLE, currentUserId); broadcastIntentLocked(null, null, intent, null, new IIntentReceiver.Stub() { @Override public void performReceive(Intent intent, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky, int sendingUser) throws RemoteException { } }, 0, null, null, new String[] {INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS}, OP_NONE, null, true, false, MY_PID, SYSTEM_UID, callingUid, callingPid, UserHandle.USER_ALL); } catch (Throwable t) { Slog.wtf(TAG, "Failed sending first user broadcasts", t); } finally { Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident); } } 

启动 Home Activity,当启动结束,并发送 ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED 广播时,AMS 的启动过程告一段落.

4.7.3.1 ATM.startHomeOnAllDisplays

ActivityTaskManagerService.java

public boolean startHomeOnAllDisplays(int userId, String reason) { synchronized (mGlobalLock) { //调用RootActivityContainer的startHomeOnAllDisplays(),最终到startHomeOnDisplay() return mRootActivityContainer.startHomeOnAllDisplays(userId, reason); } } 

启动 Home Activity

RootActivityContainer.java

boolean startHomeOnDisplay(int userId, String reason, int displayId, boolean allowInstrumenting, boolean fromHomeKey) { // Fallback to top focused display if the displayId is invalid. if (displayId == INVALID_DISPLAY) { displayId = getTopDisplayFocusedStack().mDisplayId; } Intent homeIntent = null; ActivityInfo aInfo = null; if (displayId == DEFAULT_DISPLAY) { //home intent有CATEGORY_HOME homeIntent = mService.getHomeIntent(); //根据intent中携带的ComponentName,利用PKMS得到ActivityInfo aInfo = resolveHomeActivity(userId, homeIntent); } else if (shouldPlaceSecondaryHomeOnDisplay(displayId)) { Pair<ActivityInfo, Intent> info = RootActivityContainerMifavor.resolveSecondaryHomeActivityPcMode(this, userId, displayId); aInfo = info.first; homeIntent = info.second; } if (aInfo == null || homeIntent == null) { return false; } if (!canStartHomeOnDisplay(aInfo, displayId, allowInstrumenting)) { return false; } // Updates the home component of the intent. homeIntent.setComponent(new ComponentName(aInfo.applicationInfo.packageName, aInfo.name)); homeIntent.setFlags(homeIntent.getFlags() | FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); // Updates the extra information of the intent. if (fromHomeKey) { homeIntent.putExtra(WindowManagerPolicy.EXTRA_FROM_HOME_KEY, true); } // Update the reason for ANR debugging to verify if the user activity is the one that // actually launched. final String myReason = reason + ":" + userId + ":" + UserHandle.getUserId( aInfo.applicationInfo.uid) + ":" + displayId; //启动Home Activity--Luncher mService.getActivityStartController().startHomeActivity(homeIntent, aInfo, myReason, displayId); return true; } 

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